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The first organised political party in New Zealand was founded in 1891, and its main rival was founded in 1909—New Zealand had a de facto two-party system from that point until the adoption of MMP in 1996. [24] Since then New Zealand has been a multi-party system, with at least five parties elected in every general election since.
The New Zealand Government (Māori: Te Kāwanatanga o Aotearoa [9]) is the central government through which political authority is exercised in New Zealand.As in most other parliamentary democracies, the term "Government" refers chiefly to the executive branch, and more specifically to the collective ministry directing the executive. [10]
The New Zealand parliamentary electoral system has been based on the principle of mixed-member proportional (MMP) since the 1996 election. MMP was introduced following a referendum in 1993 . It replaced the first-past-the-post (FPP) system New Zealand had previously used for most of its history.
The termination of provincial governance in 1876 led New Zealand to adopt a political framework with a unitary and centralized structure, featuring a bicameral system. [ 1 ] : 90–91 The lower house was elected through universal male suffrage starting in 1879, an upper house, composed of property owners, was appointed.
New Zealand's legislative, executive and judicial branches function in accordance with the Constitution Act 1986 [21] and various unwritten conventions, which are derived from the Westminster system. Although New Zealand doesn't have a single overarching constitutional document, we certainly have a constitution.
Political parties in New Zealand can be either registered or unregistered. [b] Registered parties must have five-hundred paying members, each eligible to vote in general elections, and party membership rules. [11] If a party registers, it may submit a party list, enabling it to receive party votes in New Zealand's MMP electoral system.
According to Elections New Zealand, "having the printed electoral rolls available for the public to view is a part of the open democratic process of New Zealand". [13] The Electoral Commission, in their report on the 2017 general election, recommended that roll sales be discontinued for anything other than electoral purposes.
Under New Zealand’s proportional voting system, Luxon, 53, and his National Party will likely need to for ... 78, a veteran political maverick who this year has found support among disaffected ...