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The Commonwealth Court also functions as a trial court in some civil actions by or against the Commonwealth government and cases regarding statewide elections. (42 Pa.C.S. §§ 761–764). Article V, section 4 of the 1968 Pennsylvania Constitution created the Commonwealth Court. Acts enacted in 1970 set up the court.
The Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania is one of two Pennsylvania intermediate appellate courts. The jurisdiction of the nine-judge Commonwealth Court is limited to appeals from final orders of certain state agencies and certain designated cases from the courts of common pleas involving public sector legal questions and government regulation.
Provincial Court (1684-1722) Orphans' Courts (1688-1968 when merged with Courts of Common Pleas) Justice of the Peace Courts (1682 - now Magisterial District Courts) Court for the Trial of Negroes (1700-1780) District Courts (1811-1873) County Courts (1682-1722) Court of Chancery (1720-1735) High Court of Errors and Appeals (1780-1808)
Australian Military Court (2007–2009) [b] Commonwealth Court of Conciliation and Arbitration (1904–1956) [c] Commonwealth Industrial Court (1956–1973) [d] Family Court (1976–2021) Federal Circuit Court / Federal Magistrates Court (1999–2021) Federal Court of Bankruptcy (1930–1977) [e] Industrial Relations Court of Australia (1994 ...
The judicial system, whether state or federal, begins with a court of first instance, whose work may be reviewed by an appellate court, and then ends at the court of last resort, which may review the work of the lower courts. [3] Institutions which may be considered courts of the United States are listed below.
Colorado Court of Appeals: 22 1891 [3] Connecticut Appellate Court: 10 1982 Florida District Courts of Appeal: 71 1957 Georgia Court of Appeals: 12 1906 Hawaii Intermediate Court of Appeals: 6 1979 Idaho Court of Appeals: 4 1982 Illinois Appellate Court: 54 1877 Indiana Court of Appeals: 15 1891 Iowa Court of Appeals: 9 1976 [4] Kansas Court of ...
The Commonwealth Court is limited to appeals from final orders of certain state agencies and certain designated cases from the Courts of Common Pleas. [10] The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania is the final appellate court. All judges in Pennsylvania are elected; the chief justice is determined by seniority. [10]
The High Court of Australia sits at the apex of the Australian court hierarchy as the ultimate court of appeal on matters of both federal and State law. The large number of courts in Australia have different procedural powers and characteristics, different jurisdictional limits, different remedial powers and different cost structures.