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High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) is an abnormality of prostatic glands and believed to precede the development of prostate adenocarcinoma (the most common form of prostate cancer). [1] [2] It may be referred to simply as prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN).
Together with other parameters, it is incorporated into a strategy of prostate cancer staging which predicts prognosis and helps guide therapy. A Gleason score is given to prostate cancer based upon its microscopic appearance. [1] Cancers with a higher Gleason score are more aggressive and have a worse prognosis. Pathological scores range from ...
However, high magnification (right image) shows the key feature of prominent nucleoli (visible at 200x magnification to make the diagnosis of "high-grade"), as well as other typical features of HGPIN. Reference for features: - Margaret Sanders, M.B.B.Ch., Murali Varma, M.B.B.S.. High grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN).
OpenEpi was developed to perform analyses found in the DOS version of Epi Info modules StatCalc and EpiTable, to improve upon the types of analyses provided by these modules, and to provide a number of tools and calculations not currently available in Epi Info. It is the first step toward an entirely web-based set of epidemiologic software tools.
A medical calculator is a type of medical computer software, whose purpose is to allow easy calculation of various scores and indices, presenting the user with a friendly interface that hides the complexity of the formulas.
A panel of epigenetic methylation marker has been explored for prognosis of ovarian cancer, and it is reported that the panel exhibited high specificity and sensitivity (both above 70%) as a screen marker. [5] Epigenetic markers have also shown promising potential as prognostic markers for bladder cancer. [6]
One theory is that CP/CPPS is a psychoneuromuscular (psychological, neurological, and muscular) disorder. [12] The theory proposes that anxiety or stress results in chronic, unconscious contraction of the pelvic floor muscles, leading to the formation of trigger points and pain. [12]
APACHE II ("Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II") is a severity-of-disease classification system, [1] one of several ICU scoring systems.It is applied within 24 hours of admission of a patient to an intensive care unit (ICU): an integer score from 0 to 71 is computed based on several measurements; higher scores correspond to more severe disease and a higher risk of death.