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The Tummal Inscription, one of the Babylonian Chronicles, is a writing of ancient Sumer from the time of the ruler Ishbi-Erra. [12] The writing lists the names of the rulers that built the temples dedicated to Enlil within Nippur [ 13 ] and temples of Ninlil in Tummal, [ 12 ] [ 14 ] amongst whom were the king of Kish, Enmebaragesi and his heir ...
The Sumerian King List (abbreviated SKL) or Chronicle of the One Monarchy is an ancient literary composition written in Sumerian that was likely created and redacted to legitimize the claims to power of various city-states and kingdoms in southern Mesopotamia during the late third and early second millennium BC.
Sumer (/ ˈ s uː m ər /) is the earliest known civilization, located in the historical region of southern Mesopotamia (now south-central Iraq), emerging during the Chalcolithic and early Bronze Ages between the sixth and fifth millennium BC.
King of Sumer and Akkad (Sumerian: 𒈗𒆠𒂗𒄀𒆠𒌵 lugal-ki-en-gi-ki-uri [2], Akkadian: šar māt Šumeri u Akkadi) [3] was a royal title in Ancient Mesopotamia combining the titles of "King of Akkad", the ruling title held by the monarchs of the Akkadian Empire (2334–2154 BC) with the title of "King of Sumer".
Before the rise of the Akkadian Empire in the 24th century BC, Mesopotamia was fragmented into a number of city states. Whereas some surviving Mesopotamian documents, such as the Sumerian King List, describe this period as one where there was only one legitimate king at any one given time, and kingship was transferred from city to city sequentially, the historical reality was that there were ...
[5] [6] [7] The Kishite king ruled the city at its peak, probably reaching beyond the territory of Kish, including Umma and Zabala. [ 1 ] The Sumerian poem Gilgamesh and Aga records the Kishite siege of Uruk after its lord Gilgamesh refused to submit to Aga, ending in Aga's defeat and consequently the fall of Kish's hegemony.
The Tummal Inscription records the first king to build a temple to Enlil as Enmebaragesi, the predecessor of Gilgamesh, around 2500 BC. [4] Ekur is generally associated with the temple at Nippur restored by Naram-Sin of Akkad and Shar-Kali-Sharri during the Akkadian Empire. It is also the later name of the temple of Assur rebuilt by Shalmaneser ...
In the twenty-first century BC, Utu-hengal, the king of Uruk adopted Gilgamesh as his patron deity. [309] The kings of the Third Dynasty of Ur were especially fond of Gilgamesh, calling him their "divine brother" and "friend". [309] During this period, a large number of myths and legends developed surrounding him. [309]