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Electrostatics is a branch of physics that studies slow-moving or stationary electric charges.. Since classical times, it has been known that some materials, such as amber, attract lightweight particles after rubbing.
In 1769, Scottish physicist John Robison announced that, according to his measurements, the force of repulsion between two spheres with charges of the same sign varied as x −2.06. [ 17 ] In the early 1770s, the dependence of the force between charged bodies upon both distance and charge had already been discovered, but not published, by Henry ...
An electrostatic motor or capacitor motor is a type of electric motor based on the attraction and repulsion of electric charge. An alternative type of electrostatic motor is the spacecraft electrostatic ion drive thruster where forces and motion are created by electrostatically accelerating ions.
Electrostatic induction, also known as "electrostatic influence" or simply "influence" in Europe and Latin America, is a redistribution of electric charge in an object that is caused by the influence of nearby charges. [1]
In 1923, Peter Debye and Erich Hückel reported the first successful theory for the distribution of charges in ionic solutions. [7] The framework of linearized Debye–Hückel theory subsequently was applied to colloidal dispersions by S. Levine and G. P. Dube [8] [9] who found that charged colloidal particles should experience a strong medium-range repulsion and a weaker long-range attraction.
Repulsion is strongest for the CC conditions (p = 1) while it is weaker for the CP conditions (p = 0). The result of the superposition approximation is always recovered at larger distances but also for p = 1/2 at all distances. The latter fact explains why the superposition approximation can be very accurate even at small separations.
But at short distances, the strong force is attractive and actually increases with distance (up to about 1 fm), beyond which the interaction transitions abruptly to repulsion. A visual and tactile classroom model of this strange behavior garnered first prize at the 2023 national apparatus competition of the American Academy of Physics Teachers ...
Electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) is a type of dynamic non-contact atomic force microscopy where the electrostatic force is probed. ("Dynamic" here means that the cantilever is oscillating and does not make contact with the sample).