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The youngest woman to conduct a major American orchestra, she made her professional debut with the Colorado Symphony Orchestra at the age of 21. [81] She was noted in a Los Angeles Times article on women cracking the "glass podium" of conducting by being appointed to positions in major American orchestras.
In addition to leading the section, principal players are responsible for playing any solos written for that voice in a given musical score. The principal first violin is called the concertmaster (or "leader" in the UK) and is considered the leader of not only the string section, but of the entire orchestra, subordinate only to the conductor.
Her first language was Urdu, and she was also fluent in Arabic, Persian and Bhojpuri languages. [4]: 118 & 123 She was the first woman poet to author a diwan, a complete collection of Urdu ghazals. The collection, named Gulzar-e-Mahlaqa, comprises 39 ghazals, and each ghazal consists of 5 couplets. The collection was published in 1824 after her ...
Other such groups included Marie Roller's "Damen Elite Kapelle" ('Ladies' Elite'), [19] [20] the Ladies' Philharmony which had a female core of 11 women musicians, [21] and The Women’s String Orchestra of New York, 1896-1906, [22] and from 1888 to c. 1920, the Fadettes of Boston. Another women's orchestra was founded by Mary Wurm in 1898 in ...
Urdu literature (Urdu: ادبیاتِ اُردُو, “Adbiyāt-i Urdū”) comprises the literary works, written in the Urdu language.While it tends to be dominated by poetry, especially the verse forms of the ghazal (غزل) and nazm (نظم), it has expanded into other styles of writing, including that of the short story, or afsana (افسانہ).
The concertmaster (from the German Konzertmeister), first chair [1] (U.S.) or leader [2] (U.K.) is the principal first violin player in an orchestra (clarinet or oboe in a concert band). After the conductor , the concertmaster is the most significant leader in an orchestra , symphonic band or other musical ensemble .
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The Urdu Dictionary Board (Urdu: اردو لغت بورڈ, romanized: Urdu Lughat Board) is an academic and literary institution of Pakistan, administered by National History and Literary Heritage Division of the Ministry of Information & Broadcasting. Its objective is to edit and publish a comprehensive dictionary of the Urdu language.