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The following are single-word intransitive prepositions. This portion of the list includes only prepositions that are always intransitive; prepositions that can occur with or without noun phrase complements (that is, transitively or intransitively) are listed with the prototypical prepositions.
English adjectives head phrases that typically function as pre-head modifiers of nouns or predicative complements (e.g., those nice folks seem quite capable) while English nouns head phrases that can function as subjects, or objects in verb phrases or preposition phrases (e.g., [Jess] told [my sister] [a story] about [cute animals]).
With a noun followed by a prepositional phrase: mother-in-law, etc.; editor-in-chief, right of way, president pro tempore (where pro tempore is a Latin prepositional phrase), fish filet deluxe (where de luxe is a French prepositional phrase) With an infinitive verb or a verb phrase: father-to-be, bride-to-be, etc.; Johnny-come-lately
Though the prototypical prepositional phrase consists of a noun phrase complement following a preposition, prepositions can take a wider variety of complements than just noun phrases. [ 14 ] : 603–606 English prepositions can also take clauses , adjective phrases , adverb phrases , and other prepositional phrases as complements, though they ...
As with prepositional phrase complements of nouns, certain clause complements of nouns can be compared to verb and complement pairs (they realized that it is important; somebody required them to do it). [45] Nouns can also be complemented by noun phrases. Unusually, these noun phrase complements occur before the head noun.
A proper adjective/adverb (often called "modifiers") must modify a noun or verb (the "head"). For example, the creator of the language, Sonja Lang, uses the name jan Sonja. jan is a noun meaning "person", and it is modified by her first name. This can be extended to other proper nouns, such as ma Kanata "Canada", in which ma means place.
In Irish and Scottish Gaelic, nouns that are the objects of (most) prepositions may be marked with prepositional case, especially if preceded by the definite article. In traditional grammars, and in scholarly treatments of the early language, the term dative case is incorrectly used for the prepositional case. This case is exclusively ...
A noun or pronoun in the oblique case can generally appear in any role except as subject, for which the nominative case is used. [1] The term objective case is generally preferred by modern English grammarians, where it supplanted Old English 's dative and accusative .