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Minichromosomes can be either linear or circular pieces of DNA. [3] By minimizing the amount of unnecessary genetic information on the chromosome and including the basic components necessary for DNA replication (centromere, telomeres, and replication sequences), molecular biologists aim to construct a chromosomal platform which can be utilized to insert or present new genes into a host cell.
The cloverleaf model of tRNA is a model that depicts the molecular structure of tRNA. [1] The model revealed that the chain of tRNA consists of two ends—sometimes called "business ends"—and three arms. Two of the arms have a loop, D-loop (dihydro U loop) and Tψc-loop with a ribosome recognition site.
The first trial genetically modified food was a tomato engineered to have a longer shelf life (the Flavr Savr), which was on the market briefly beginning on May 21, 1994. [1] The first direct-consumption tomato was approved in Japan in 2021. [2]
Plant pathology or phytopathology is the scientific study of plant diseases caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). [1]
Plant Genetic Systems (PGS), since 2002 part of Bayer CropScience, is a biotech company located in Ghent, Belgium. The focus of its activities is the genetic engineering of plants. The focus of its activities is the genetic engineering of plants.
Genetically modified crops (GM crops) are plants used in agriculture, the DNA of which has been modified using genetic engineering methods. Plant genomes can be engineered by physical methods or by use of Agrobacterium for the delivery of sequences hosted in T-DNA binary vectors.
Modelling biological systems is a significant task of systems biology and mathematical biology. [a] Computational systems biology [b] [1] aims to develop and use efficient algorithms, data structures, visualization and communication tools with the goal of computer modelling of biological systems.
A model system for studies in evolution of plant development 198 Mbp 29,458 8 Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Köln, Germany 2016 [66] Shotgun sequencing strategy, combining paired end reads (197× assembled sequence coverage) and mate pair reads (66× assembled) from Illumina HiSeq (a total of 52 Gbp raw reads).