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Refining of a 9.5%CrMoWVNbN steel in an argon, oxygen decarburisation (AOD) vessel. Argonoxygen decarburization (AOD) is a process primarily used in stainless steel making and other high grade alloys with oxidizable elements such as chromium and aluminium.
In metallurgy, refining consists of purifying an impure metal. It is to be distinguished from other processes such as smelting and calcining in that those two involve a chemical change to the raw material, whereas in refining the final material is chemically identical to the raw material. Refining thus increases the purity of the raw material ...
16th century cupellation furnaces (per Agricola). Cupellation is a refining process in metallurgy in which ores or alloyed metals are treated under very high temperatures and subjected to controlled operations to separate noble metals, like gold and silver, from base metals, like lead, copper, zinc, arsenic, antimony, or bismuth, present in the ore.
REST is a scalable architecture which allows for things to communicate over Hypertext Transfer Protocol and is easily adopted for IoT applications to provide communication from a thing to a central web server. [35] MQTT is a publish-subscribe architecture on top of TCP/IP which allows for bi-directional communication between a thing and a MQTT ...
The Iron Foundry, Burmeister & Wain, by Peder Severin Krøyer, 1885 A Foundryman, pictured by Daniel A. Wehrschmidt in 1899. A foundry is a factory that produces metal castings. Metals are cast into shapes by melting them into a liquid, pouring the metal into a mold, and removing the mold material after the metal has solidified as it cools.
Most of the lead produced comes from secondary sources. Lead scrap includes lead-acid batteries, cable coverings, pipes, sheets and lead coated, or terne bearing, metals. . Solder, product waste and dross may also be recovered for its small lead conte
Prototyping, low and medium volume production; transfer to foundry for high volume 8, 12 Research Institute Belgium: Micronit: Customised MEMS design and manufacturing Silicon and SOI, borosilicate glass or Polymer; structured wafer Prototyping, low and medium volume production; transfer to foundry for high volume 6, 8 Pure-play Netherlands
Zinc smelting is the process of converting zinc concentrates (ores that contain zinc) into pure zinc. Zinc smelting has historically been more difficult than the smelting of other metals, e.g. iron, because in contrast, zinc has a low boiling point.