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Simplified schematic of a single gap chemiresistive sensor. (not to scale) A chemiresistor is a material that changes its electrical resistance in response to changes in the nearby chemical environment. [1] Chemiresistors are a class of chemical sensors that rely on the direct chemical interaction between the sensing material and the analyte. [2]
The sensitivity of graphene chemical gas sensors can be dramatically enhanced by functionalization, for example, coating the film with a thin layer of certain polymers. The thin polymer layer acts like a concentrator that absorbs gaseous molecules. The molecule absorption introduces a local change in electrical resistance of graphene sensors ...
Graphene doped with various gaseous species (both acceptors and donors) can be returned to an undoped state by gentle heating in vacuum. [22] [24] Even for dopant concentrations in excess of 10 12 cm −2 carrier mobility exhibits no observable change. [24] Graphene doped with potassium in ultra-high vacuum at low temperature can reduce ...
As a result, various graphene-based biosensors have been explored and developed in recent times. [14] [131] Graphene has been employed as a biosensor in various formats especially electrochemical sensors and field effect transistors. Amongst them graphene field effect transistors (GFETs) especially have shown excellent performance as rapid ...
A chemical sensor array is a sensor architecture with multiple sensor components that create a pattern for analyte detection from the additive responses of individual sensor components. There exist several types of chemical sensor arrays including electronic, optical, acoustic wave, and potentiometric devices.
The GFET is a highly sensitive graphene-based field effect transistor used as biosensors and chemical sensors. Due to the 2 dimensional structure of graphene, along with its physical properties, GFETs offer increased sensitivity, and reduced instances of 'false positives' in sensing applications [66]
A pH meter is a scientific instrument that measures the hydrogen-ion activity in water-based solutions, indicating its acidity or alkalinity expressed as pH. [2] The pH meter measures the difference in electrical potential between a pH electrode and a reference electrode, and so the pH meter is sometimes referred to as a "potentiometric pH meter".
Sensors are usually designed so that the gas supply is limited by diffusion, and thus the output from the sensor is linearly proportional to the gas concentration. This linear output is one of the advantages of electrochemical sensors over other sensor technologies (e.g. infrared), whose output must be linearized before they can be used.