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Iron–sulfur clusters are molecular ensembles of iron and sulfide. They are most often discussed in the context of the biological role for iron–sulfur proteins , which are pervasive. [ 2 ] Many Fe–S clusters are known in the area of organometallic chemistry and as precursors to synthetic analogues of the biological clusters.
The assembly of iron–sulfur clusters cluster begins with the production of the equivalent of a sulfur (sulfur atoms per se are not found in nature). The required sulfur atom is obtained from free cysteine by the action of so-called cysteine desulfurases. One prominent desulfurase is called IscS, a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme.
Iron–sulfur proteins are proteins characterized by the presence of iron–sulfur clusters containing sulfide-linked di-, tri-, and tetrairon centers in variable oxidation states. Iron–sulfur clusters are found in a variety of metalloproteins , such as the ferredoxins , as well as NADH dehydrogenase , hydrogenases , coenzyme Q – cytochrome ...
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The FeMo cofactor is a cluster with composition Fe 7 MoS 9 C. This cluster can be viewed as two subunits composed of one Fe 4 S 3 (iron(III) sulfide) cluster and one MoFe 3 S 3 cluster. The two clusters are linked by three sulfide ligands and a bridging carbon atom. The unique iron (Fe) is anchored to the protein by a cysteine.
They participate in electron-transfer sequences. The core structure for the [Fe 4 S 4] cluster is a cube with alternating Fe and S vertices. These clusters exist in two oxidation states with a small structural change. Two families of [Fe 4 S 4] clusters are known: the ferredoxin (Fd) family and the high-potential iron–suflur protein (HiPIP ...
In the research, archaeologists assessed artefacts from two Early Iron Age cemeteries – Częstochowa-Raków and Częstochowa-Mirów – both located in southern Poland just about 6km apart ...
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