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Key frames of a walk cycle. Besides the apparent move of the legs, many more details are necessary for a convincing walk cycle, like animation timing, movement of the arms, head and torsion of the whole body. [1] [2] There exist many techniques to create walk cycles.
A sequence of key frames defines which movement the viewer will see, whereas the position of the key frames on the film, video, or animation defines the timing of the movement. Because only two or three key frames over the span of a second do not create the illusion of movement, the remaining frames are filled with "inbetweens". [1]
These motions must have their walk cycle key frames aligned, so that at a given generic time, both motions make a forward point contact. [1] For a neutral walking motion that is neither (or equally) happy or sad, the corresponding degrees of freedom for the existing motions are used for interpolation.
Disney's twelve basic principles of animation were introduced by the Disney animators Ollie Johnston and Frank Thomas in their 1981 book The Illusion of Life: Disney Animation. [a] [ 1 ] The principles are based on the work of Disney animators from the 1930s onwards , in their quest to produce more realistic animation.
The process of inbetweening in traditional animation starts with a primary artist, who draws key frames to define movement. After the testing and approval of a rough animation, the scene is passed down to assistants, who perform clean-up and add necessary inbetweening. In large studios, assistants usually add breakdowns, which define the ...
This process mimics that used in early cartoon films. Master animators would draw key frames of the film, then, junior animators would draw the in-between frames. This is called inbetweening or tweening and the overall process is called "key frame animation". To make these motions appear realistic, interpolation algorithms have been sought ...
Blocking is an animation technique in which key poses are created to establish timing and placement of characters and props in a given scene or shot. [1] This technique is most commonly used in 3D computer animation, where it is sometimes referred to as Stepped animation.
For 3D computer animations, objects (models) are built on the computer monitor (modeled) and 3D figures are rigged with a virtual skeleton. Then the limbs, eyes, mouth, clothes, etc. of the figure are moved by the animator on key frames. Normally, the differences between key frames are drawn in a process known as tweening.