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Children's work and welfare, 1780-1890 (Cambridge UP. 1995.) Humphries, Jane. Childhood and Child Labour in the British Industrial Revolution (Cambridge UP, 2011). Lichtenstein, Matty R. "Agents of reform: Child labor and the origins of the welfare state" British Journal of Sociology (2024) 75#4 pp.668-670. Nardinelli, Clark.
Many factors played a role in Britain's long-term economic growth, such as the Industrial Revolution in the late 1700s and the prominent presence of child labour during the industrial age. [96] Children who worked at an early age were often not forced; but did so because they needed to help their family survive financially.
A Roberts loom in a weaving shed in the United Kingdom in 1835. The nature of the Industrial Revolution's impact on living standards in Britain is debated among historians, with Charles Feinstein identifying detrimental impacts on British workers, whilst other historians, including Peter Lindert and Jeffrey Williamson claim the Industrial Revolution improved the living standards of British ...
The Industrial Revolution was followed by the phase of high industrialization during the German Empire. The (catch-up) Industrial Revolution in Germany differed from that of the pioneering country of Great Britain in that the key industries became not the textile industry but coal production, steel production and railroad construction.
[12] Others argue that while the growth of the economy's overall productive powers was unprecedented during the Industrial Revolution, living standards for the majority of the population did not grow meaningfully until the late 19th and 20th centuries and that in many ways workers' living standards declined under early capitalism: some studies ...
Hindman, Hugh D. Child Labor: An American History (2002) Humphries, Jane. Childhood and Child Labour in the British Industrial Revolution (Cambridge Studies in Economic History) (2011) excerpt and text search; Kirby, Peter. Child Labour in Britain, 1750–1870 (2003) excerpt and text search; Mofford, Juliet. Child Labor in America (1970) Tuttle ...
The wreckage of Chicago's Federal Building after the explosion of a bomb allegedly planted by the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)...1918 1918 (United States) War Labor Board created. [31] War Labor Policies Board (1918-1919) created 3 June 1918 (United States) A Federal child labor law, enacted two years earlier, was declared ...
The last child to be indentured started work in 1841. Child labour, constituted over half of the labour force in the early decades of the mill's operation, according to Prof Hannah Barker, chair of Manchester Histories at the University of Manchester. "By 1833 apprentices made up only 20% of workforce at Styal, and in 1847 the apprentice system ...