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  2. Aggregate function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregate_function

    In the MapReduce framework, these steps are known as InitialReduce (value on individual record/singleton set), Combine (binary merge on two aggregations), and FinalReduce (final function on auxiliary values), [5] and moving decomposable aggregation before the Shuffle phase is known as an InitialReduce step, [6] Decomposable aggregation ...

  3. Comparison of database administration tools - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_database...

    Some - can only reverse engineer the entire database at once and drops any user modifications to the diagram (can't "refresh" the diagram to match the database) Forward engineering - the ability to update the database schema with changes made to its entities and relationships via the ER diagram visual designer Yes - can update user-selected ...

  4. Relational algebra - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relational_algebra

    The relational algebra uses set union, set difference, and Cartesian product from set theory, and adds additional constraints to these operators to create new ones.. For set union and set difference, the two relations involved must be union-compatible—that is, the two relations must have the same set of attributes.

  5. Many-to-many (data model) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Many-to-many_(data_model)

    For example, think of A as Authors, and B as Books. An Author can write several Books, and a Book can be written by several Authors. In a relational database management system, such relationships are usually implemented by means of an associative table (also known as join table, junction table or cross-reference table), say, AB with two one-to-many relationships A → AB and B → AB.

  6. Database normalization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_normalization

    A tutorial on the first 3 normal forms by Fred Coulson; Description of the database normalization basics by Microsoft; Normalization in DBMS by Chaitanya (beginnersbook.com) A Step-by-Step Guide to Database Normalization; ETNF – Essential tuple normal form Archived March 6, 2016, at the Wayback Machine

  7. Data-flow diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data-flow_diagram

    Data flow diagram with data storage, data flows, function and interface A data-flow diagram is a way of representing a flow of data through a process or a system (usually an information system ). The DFD also provides information about the outputs and inputs of each entity and the process itself.

  8. Database design - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_design

    The following steps are suggestion of the data modeling process for Microsoft Access, a relational DBMS. Determine the purpose of the database – This helps prepare for the remaining steps. Find and organize the information required – Gather all of the types of information to record in the database, such as product name and order number.

  9. Enhanced entity–relationship model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enhanced_entity...

    The enhanced entity–relationship (EER) model (or extended entity–relationship model) in computer science is a high-level or conceptual data model incorporating extensions to the original entity–relationship (ER) model, used in the design of databases.