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Here's what to know about why and how to stay safe. ... Is turbulence dangerous? It doesn't have to be. Even as severe turbulence increases, "it's going from being really, really rare to still ...
However, turbulence has long resisted detailed physical analysis, and the interactions within turbulence create a very complex phenomenon. Physicist Richard Feynman described turbulence as the most important unsolved problem in classical physics.
This explains why updrafts underneath the base of a cumulonimbus are often laminar. This phenomenon is well known by glider pilots. [16] (see below). The phenomenon is enhanced under the weak echo region of a supercell thunderstorm that is extremely dangerous. At approximately 4 kilometres (13,000 ft) these smooth updrafts become suddenly very ...
The Boussinesq hypothesis – although not explicitly stated by Boussinesq at the time – effectively consists of the assumption that the Reynolds stress tensor is aligned with the strain tensor of the mean flow (i.e.: that the shear stresses due to turbulence act in the same direction as the shear stresses produced by the averaged flow).
The death of a British man and injuries impacting dozens of other people aboard a Singapore Airlines flight that hit severe turbulence Tuesday highlighted the potential dangers of flying through ...
Turbulence or pockets of disturbed air can have many causes, most obviously the unstable weather patterns that trigger storms, according to an industry briefing by planemaker Airbus. The resulting ...
The study of hydrodynamic stability aims to find out if a given flow is stable or unstable, and if so, how these instabilities will cause the development of turbulence. [1] The foundations of hydrodynamic stability, both theoretical and experimental, were laid most notably by Helmholtz , Kelvin , Rayleigh and Reynolds during the nineteenth ...
Reynolds Stress equation models rely on the Reynolds Stress Transport equation. The equation for the transport of kinematic Reynolds stress = ′ ′ = / is [3] = + + + Rate of change of + Transport of by convection = Transport of by diffusion + Rate of production of + Transport of due to turbulent pressure-strain interactions + Transport of due to rotation + Rate of dissipation of .