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Mutilation of body parts is a remnant of the ancient Hindu punishment. It was used when an offender caused injuries to the victim. Mutilation was most typically seen as a punishment in cases of theft, robbery, and adultery as a way of making the criminal an example to the public because the mutilated body was a horrifying sight.
Punishment falls under royal authority because it pertains to accomplishing true justice—a concept only the king can judge. Thus, where there is textual silence, kings are responsible for administrating trials ( vyavahāra ) of criminal law as well as administering punishment (daṇḍa) for criminal acts. [ 2 ]
Indian political philosophy is the branch of philosophical thought in India that addresses questions related to polity, statecraft, justice, law and the legitimacy of forms of governance. It also deals with the scope of religion in state-organization and addresses the legitimacy of sociopolitical institutions in a polity.
The Hindu literature on Prayaschitta is extensive, and most commonly found in the Dharma-related literature as well as the Epics and Puranas. [4] [5] The earliest mentions are found in the Vedas, [4] such as in the Brahmana layer of text in the Samaveda. [5] The Smritis of Hinduism do not offer a consistent theory of prāyaścittas. They differ ...
The classical texts of Hinduism devote numerous chapters to discussing what people who practice the virtue of ahimsa can and must do when faced with war, violent threat, or the need to sentence someone convicted of a crime. These discussions have led to theories of just war, ideas of reasonable self-defense, and views of proportionate punishment.
The Mimamsa school of Hindu philosophy developed textual hermeneutics, theories on language and interpretation of Dharma, ideas which contributed to the Dharmasutras and Dharmasastras. [119] The Vedanga fields of grammar and linguistics – Vyakarana and Nirukta – were the other significant contributors to the Dharma-text genre.
Classical Hindu law is a category of Hindu law in traditional Hinduism, taken to begin with the transmittance of the Vedas [citation needed] and ending in 1772 with the adoption of "A Plan for the Administration of Justice in Bengal" by the Bengal government.
After the period of punishment is complete, they are reborn on earth [17] in human or bestial bodies. [18] Therefore, Naraka is not an abode of everlasting punishment. Yama Loka is the abode of Yama. Yama is also referred to as the Dharmaraja, or the king of dharma; Yama Loka may be compared to a temporary purgatorium for sinners (papi).