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The POW and internees were handled by 24 frontline camps, 72 transit camps, over 500 labor camps and "special camps", 421 "worker battalions" (рабочий батальон), 214 "special hospitals", and 322 camps for handling of repatriation, over the whole territory of the Soviet Union. [1] Many POWs were used for the reconstruction of ...
The tsarist government ratified the 1907 Hague Convention, but the Soviet Union had not signed the 1929 Geneva Convention on Prisoners of War. [2] In 1931 USSR passed the "Statute of POWs" that was roughly similar to the Geneva Convention, although it explicitly outlawed many privileges customarily afforded to military officers.
Historians debate the full extent of Soviet reprisals against repatriated soldiers, with some arguing that nearly all returning POWs were subjected to forced labor or imprisonment. In 1995, Russia formally recognized former Soviet POWs as veterans, granting them equal rights with other war participants.
Finnish prisoners of war in the Soviet Union; Forced labor in the Soviet Union; Forced labor of Germans after World War II; Forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union; Forced labor of Hungarians in the Soviet Union; Special settlements in the Soviet Union; Foreign forced labor in the Soviet Union
There have been two categories of foreigners amassed for forced labor: prisoners of war and civilians. Both of them were handled by GUPVI , a special department of NKVD , analogous to GULAG , which was established in September 1939, after the start of the Soviet invasion of Poland .
German advances through 5 December 1941, with large groups of encircled Red Army soldiers in red. Nazi Germany and its allies invaded the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941. [4] [5] The Nazi leadership believed that war with its ideological enemy was inevitable [6] due to the Nazi dogma that conquering territory to the east—called living space ()—was essential to Germany's long-term survival, [7 ...
The Soviet Union held the Japanese POWs in a much longer time period and used them as a labor force. Soviet Union behavior was contrary to the Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact from the beginning [ citation needed ] , and also to the Potsdam Declaration , which guaranteed the return of surrendered Japanese soldiers to Japan.
Prior to the dissolution of the Soviet Union, estimates of Gulag victims ranged from 2.3 to 17.6 million (see History of Gulag population estimates). Mortality in Gulag camps in 1934–40 was 4–6 times higher than average in the Soviet Union. Post-1991 research by historians accessing archival materials brought this range down considerably.