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Acetone peroxide (/ æ s ə ˈ t ə ʊ n p ɛr ˈ ɒ k s aɪ d / ⓘ also called APEX and mother of Satan [3] [4]) is an organic peroxide and a primary explosive. It is produced by the reaction of acetone and hydrogen peroxide to yield a mixture of linear monomer and cyclic dimer, trimer, and tetramer forms. The monomer is dimethyldioxirane.
Peroxy acids are more active bleaches than hydrogen peroxide at lower temperatures (<60 °C) but are too unstable to be stored in their active form and hence must be generated in situ. The most common bleach activators used commercially are tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED) and sodium nonanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (NOBS).
The primary stereoelectronic effect in the Baeyer–Villiger oxidation refers to the necessity of the oxygen-oxygen bond in the peroxide group to be antiperiplanar to the group that migrates. [4] [3] This orientation facilitates optimum overlap of the 𝛔 orbital of the migrating group to the 𝛔* orbital of the peroxide group. [1]
The peroxide group is marked in blue. R, R 1 and R 2 mark hydrocarbon moieties. The most common peroxide is hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2), colloquially known simply as "peroxide". It is marketed as solutions in water at various concentrations. Many organic peroxides are known as well. In addition to hydrogen peroxide, some other major classes of ...
In chemistry, main group peroxides are peroxide derivatives of the main group elements. Many compounds of the main group elements form peroxides (R−O−O−R'), and a few are of commercial significance. [1]
High-test peroxide (HTP) is a highly concentrated (85 to 98%) solution of hydrogen peroxide, with the remainder consisting predominantly of water. In contact with a catalyst, it decomposes into a high-temperature mixture of steam and oxygen, with no remaining liquid water.
The first stage of Fenton's reaction (oxidation of Fe 3+ with hydrogen peroxide) is used in Haber–Weiss reaction; Fenton's reagent can be used in organic synthesis reactions: e.g. hydroxylation of arenes via a free radical substitution; Conversion of benzene into phenol by using Fenton's reagent; Oxidation of barbituric acid into alloxan.
Others have only peroxide ligands: molybdate reacts in alkaline media with peroxide to form red peroxomolybdate Mo(O 2) 2− 4. [6] The reaction of hydrogen peroxide with aqueous titanium(IV) gives a brightly orange-red colored peroxy complex that is a useful test for titanium as well as hydrogen peroxide. [5]