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A planthopper is any insect in the infraorder Fulgoromorpha, [1] in the suborder Auchenorrhyncha, [2] a group exceeding 12,500 described species worldwide. The name comes from their remarkable resemblance to leaves and other plants of their environment and that they often "hop" for quick transportation in a similar way to that of grasshoppers.
These minute insects, colloquially known as hoppers, are plant feeders that suck plant sap from grass, shrubs, or trees. Their hind legs are modified for jumping, and are covered with hairs that facilitate the spreading of a secretion over their bodies that acts as a water repellent and carrier of pheromones . [ 1 ]
Siphanta acuta is a species of planthopper in the family Flatidae; this species is native to Australia, but is now found in various other parts of the world.About 10 mm long, they resemble small leaves and are generally found in trees.
The caterpillar is smooth and solid green in color. When disturbed, it thrashes and drops off the plant. The newly emerged larva is a leaf miner, entering the tissues of the leaf and consuming the parenchyma between the two outer layers of the leaf. Larger larvae make holes through the leaf, consuming all the tissue.
Treehoppers have specialized muscles in the hind femora that unfurl to generate sufficient force to jump. [ 3 ] It had been suggested that the pronotal "helmet" could be serial homologues of insect wings, [ 4 ] but this interpretation has been refuted by several later studies, such as Mikó et al. (2012) and Yoshizawa (2012).
It is yellowish-green, with a conspicuous black spot on either side of the head and another near the tip of the fore wing. The head is pale green and the membranous wings transparent and iridescent. On leaf surfaces, the insect tends to move about diagonally, [3] and when disturbed it immediately jumps and flies away. [1]
Calliphara nobilis (commonly known as the mangrove jewel bug, mangrove shield bug, or mangrove stink bug) is a species of jewel bug found in Asia. Like all species of jewel bugs, it is phytophagous , feeding on the leaves, fruit and seeds of its host plants. [ 2 ]
They can make a hissing sound when touched or otherwise disturbed, which can resemble the hissing of a bat. This sound is made by their wings pushing down, forcing the air out between their wings and back. They can be an agricultural pest affecting a wide range of crops because their larvae feed on plant roots and can weaken or kill the plants. [1]