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Digoxin (better known as Digitalis), sold under the brand name Lanoxin among others, is a medication used to treat various heart conditions. [4] Most frequently it is used for atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, and heart failure. [4] Digoxin is one of the oldest medications used in the field of cardiology.
Unlike digoxin, which is eliminated from the body via the kidneys, it is eliminated via the liver, and so can be used in patients with poor or erratic kidney function. While several controlled trials have shown digoxin to be effective in a proportion of patients treated for heart failure, the evidence base for digitoxin is not as strong ...
However, digitoxin, digoxin and several other cardiac glycosides, such as ouabain, have narrow therapeutic windows (i.e., because of their steep dose-response curves, minute increases in the dosage of these drugs can make the difference between an ineffective dose and a fatal one).
Mechanism of action of cardiac glycosides (Digitalis): inhibition of Na+/K+ ATPase. Cardiac glycosides like digoxin, primarily inhibit the sodium-potassium pump (Na+/K+ ATPase), an important protein located on the surface of cardiomyocytes (cardiac muscle cells).
Digoxin; Magnesium sulfate; Work by other or unknown mechanisms Contraindicated in ventricular arrhythmias; Adenosine is used to treat supraventricular tachycardias, especially in heart failure and atrial fibrillation [9] Magnesium sulfate is used to treat torsades de pointes, a type of arrhythmia
The general structure of a cardiac glycoside consists of a steroid molecule attached to a sugar and an R group. [4] The steroid nucleus consists of four fused rings to which other functional groups such as methyl, hydroxyl, and aldehyde groups can be attached to influence the overall molecule's biological activity. [4]
Digitoxin, a phytosteroid and cardiac glycoside found in digitalis. Phytosteroids, also known as plant steroids, are naturally occurring steroids that are found in plants. [1] Examples include digoxin, digitoxin, diosgenin, and guggulsterone, as well as phytosterols like β-sitosterol and other phytoestrogens like isoflavones. [1]
Digoxigenin (DIG) is a steroid found exclusively in the flowers and leaves of the plants Digitalis purpurea, Digitalis orientalis and Digitalis lanata (foxgloves), where it is attached to sugars, to form the glycosides (e.g. digoxin, lanatoside C). [2]