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Promyelocytes are essential players in the body's immune system, serving as precursors to mature granulocytes involved in host defense and inflammatory responses. Understanding the characteristics, functions, and clinical significance of promyeloctes is crucial for the diagnosis, management, and treatment of various hematologic disorders.
The presence of promyelocytes containing multiple Auer rods (termed faggot cells) on the peripheral blood smear is highly suggestive of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Definitive diagnosis requires testing for the PML/RARA fusion gene.
Peripheral blood film of CMML. Monocytosis and the presence of myelocytes, metamyelocytes and promyelocytes is typical of CMML. Specialty: Haematology, oncology: Causes: Environmental carcinogens, ionising radiation, cytotoxic agents: Diagnostic method: Blood film, genetic testing: Frequency: Less than 1 per 100,000 per year
English: Peripheral blood smear of acute promyelocytic leukemia, hypogranular variant. Wright's stain. Reference for descriptions: Syed Zaidi, M.D.. Bone marrow neoplastic, APL with PML-RARA. Pathology Outlines. Last author update: 1 February 2013 Last staff update: 29 November 2022
Conventionally, a leukocytosis exceeding 50,000 WBC/mm 3 with a significant increase in early neutrophil precursors is referred to as a leukemoid reaction. [2] The peripheral blood smear may show myelocytes, metamyelocytes, promyelocytes, and rarely myeloblasts; however, there is a mixture of early mature neutrophil precursors, in contrast to the immature forms typically seen in acute leukemia.
Myeloblast with an Auer rod (to the left of the nucleus).. Auer rods (or Auer bodies) are large, crystalline cytoplasmic inclusion bodies sometimes observed in myeloid blast cells during acute myeloid leukemia, acute promyelocytic leukemia, high-grade myelodysplastic syndromes and myeloproliferative disorders.
Dysplasia can affect all three lineages seen in the bone marrow. The best way to diagnose dysplasia is by morphology and special stains used on the bone marrow aspirate and peripheral blood smear. Dysplasia in the myeloid series is defined by: Granulocytic series [citation needed]:
A comprehensive diagram of human hematopoiesis. Granulopoiesis consists of 5 stages, in which the myeloblast is the first recognizable cell. Next in the differentiation sequence is the monoblast and the promyelocyte, which can develop into one of three different precursor cells: the neutrophilic, basophilic or eosinophilic myelocyte.