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A buffer solution is a solution where the pH does not change significantly on dilution or if an acid or base is added at constant temperature. [1] Its pH changes very little when a small amount of strong acid or base is added to it. Buffer solutions are used as a means of keeping pH at a nearly constant value in a wide variety of chemical ...
A buffer solution contains an acid and its conjugate base or a base and its conjugate acid. [2] Addition of the conjugate ion will result in a change of pH of the buffer solution. For example, if both sodium acetate and acetic acid are dissolved in the same solution they both dissociate and ionize to produce acetate ions.
Chyme has a low pH that is countered by the production of bile, which helps the further digestion of food. Chyme is part liquid and part solid: a thick semifluid mass of partially digested food and digestive secretions that is formed in the stomach and small intestine during digestion. Chyme also contains cells from the mouth and esophagus that ...
Akin to its use for pickling, hydrochloric acid is used to dissolve many metals, metal oxides and metal carbonates. The conversions are often depicted in simplified equations: Zn + 2 HCl → ZnCl 2 + H 2 NiO + 2 HCl → NiCl 2 + H 2 O CaCO 3 + 2 HCl → CaCl 2 + CO 2 + H 2 O. These processes are used to produce metal chlorides for analysis or ...
There are many different ways to prepare PBS solutions, common ones are Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS) [2] and the Cold Spring Harbor protocol. [3] Some formulations of DPBS do not contain potassium and magnesium, while other ones contain calcium and/or magnesium (depending on whether or not the buffer is used on live or fixed tissue: the latter does not require CaCl 2 or MgCl 2).
One use of conjugate acids and bases lies in buffering systems, which include a buffer solution. In a buffer, a weak acid and its conjugate base (in the form of a salt), or a weak base and its conjugate acid, are used in order to limit the pH change during a titration process. Buffers have both organic and non-organic chemical applications.
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A concentrated solution of sodium chloride in water, known as a brine solution, is added to the mixture and the layers are allowed to separate. The brine is used to remove any acid or water from the organic layer. In this example the organic layer is the product, which is a liquid at room temperature.