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Many methods have been developed for measuring temperature. Most of these rely on measuring some physical property of a working material that varies with temperature. One of the most common devices for measuring temperature is the glass thermometer. This consists of a glass tube filled with mercury or some other liquid, which acts as the ...
A Celsius Galilean thermometer in two degree gradations. A risen orange orb denotes 24 °C. A Galileo thermometer (or Galilean thermometer) is a thermometer made of a sealed glass cylinder containing a clear liquid and several glass vessels of varying density. The individual floats rise or fall in proportion to their respective density and the ...
A thermometer has two important elements: (1) a temperature sensor (e.g. the bulb of a mercury-in-glass thermometer or the pyrometric sensor in an infrared thermometer) in which some change occurs with a change in temperature; and (2) some means of converting this change into a numerical value (e.g. the visible scale that is marked on a mercury ...
A medical mercury-in-glass maximum thermometer showing the temperature of 38.7 °C (101.7 °F). One special kind of mercury-in-glass thermometer, called a maximum thermometer, works by having a constriction in the neck close to the bulb. As the temperature rises, the mercury is pushed up through the constriction by the force of expansion.
1617 — Giuseppe Biancani published the first clear diagram of a thermoscope; 1624 — The word thermometer (in its French form) first appeared in La Récréation Mathématique by Jean Leurechon, who describes one with a scale of 8 degrees. [2] 1629 — Joseph Solomon Delmedigo describes in a book an accurate sealed-glass thermometer that uses ...
Liquid crystal thermometer; Liquid thermometer principle: relation between temperature and volume of a liquid (coefficient of thermal expansion). Alcohol thermometer; Mercury-in-glass thermometer; Pyranometer principle: solar radiation flux density relates to surface temperature (Stefan–Boltzmann law)
A familiar application of a dilatometer is the mercury-in-glass thermometer, in which the change in volume of the liquid column is read from a graduated scale. Because mercury has a fairly constant rate of expansion over ambient temperature ranges, the volume changes are directly related to temperature.
Santorio Santorio wrote a Commentary on the Medical Art of Galen in 1612 that described the device in print. [9] Shortly afterward, in 1617 Giuseppe Biancani published the first clear diagram. The device at this time could not be used for quantitative or standardized measurement and used the temperature of air to expand or contract gas, thereby ...