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A tidal bore is a hydraulic jump which occurs when the incoming tide forms a wave (or waves) of water that travel up a river or narrow bay against the direction of the current. [16] As is true for hydraulic jumps in general, bores take on various forms depending upon the difference in the waterlevel upstream and down, ranging from an undular ...
1. y 2 /y 1 > 1: depth increases over the jump so that y 2 > y 1 2. Fr 2 < 1: downstream flow must be subcritical 3. Fr 1 > 1: upstream flow must be supercritical. Table 2 shows the calculated values used to develop Figure 8. The values associated with a y 1 = 1.5 ft are not valid for use since they
A diagram showing how scour holes are formed. Bridge scour is the removal of sediment such as sand and gravel from around bridge abutments or piers. Hydrodynamic scour, caused by fast flowing water, can carve out scour holes, compromising the integrity of a structure.
Training or entrance training refers to coastal structures built to constrain a river discharging across a littoral coast so that it discharges only where desired. Untrained entrances on sandy coasts tend to move widely and violently to discharge into the ocean, often upsetting those enjoying land nearby.
Gabion stepped weirs are commonly used for river training and flood control; the stepped design enhances the rate of energy dissipation in the channel, and it is particularly well suited to the construction of gabion stepped weirs. [2] A gabion wall is a retaining wall made of stacked stone-filled gabions tied together with wire.
Stream power is the rate of potential energy loss per unit of channel length. [7] This potential energy is lost moving particles along the stream bed. = where is the stream power, is the density of water, is the gravitational acceleration, is the channel slope, and is the discharge of the stream.
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The Ocoee Whitewater Center, near Ducktown, Tennessee, United States, was the canoe slalom venue for the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, [1] [2] and is the only in-river course to be used for Olympic slalom competition. A 1,640 foot (500 m) stretch of the Upper Ocoee River was narrowed by two-thirds to create the drops and eddies needed for a ...