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A tidal bore is a hydraulic jump which occurs when the incoming tide forms a wave (or waves) of water that travel up a river or narrow bay against the direction of the current. [16] As is true for hydraulic jumps in general, bores take on various forms depending upon the difference in the waterlevel upstream and down, ranging from an undular ...
1. y 2 /y 1 > 1: depth increases over the jump so that y 2 > y 1 2. Fr 2 < 1: downstream flow must be subcritical 3. Fr 1 > 1: upstream flow must be supercritical. Table 2 shows the calculated values used to develop Figure 8. The values associated with a y 1 = 1.5 ft are not valid for use since they
A diagram showing how scour holes are formed. Bridge scour is the removal of sediment such as sand and gravel from around bridge abutments or piers. Hydrodynamic scour, caused by fast flowing water, can carve out scour holes, compromising the integrity of a structure.
Stream power is the rate of potential energy loss per unit of channel length. [7] This potential energy is lost moving particles along the stream bed. = where is the stream power, is the density of water, is the gravitational acceleration, is the channel slope, and is the discharge of the stream.
Gabion stepped weirs are commonly used for river training and flood control; the stepped design enhances the rate of energy dissipation in the channel, and it is particularly well suited to the construction of gabion stepped weirs. [2] A gabion wall is a retaining wall made of stacked stone-filled gabions tied together with wire.
[1] A trained entrance often consists of rock walls that force the water into a deeper more stable channel. Trained entrances can provide better navigation, water quality and flood mitigation services, but can also cause beach erosion due to their interruption of longshore drift. One solution is the installation of a sand bypass system across ...
There are four main components of a chute spillway: [1] The elements of a spillway are the inlet, the vertical curve section (ogee curve), the steep-sloped channel and the outlet. In order to avoid a hydraulic jump , the slope of the spillway must be steep enough for the flow to remain supercritical.
Armour of basalt blocks. In hydrology and geography, armor is the association of surface pebbles, rocks or boulders with stream beds or beaches.Most commonly hydrological armor occurs naturally; however, a man-made form is usually called riprap, when shorelines or stream banks are fortified for erosion protection with large boulders or sizable manufactured concrete objects.