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DNA barcoding is a method of species identification using a short section of DNA from a specific gene or genes. The premise of DNA barcoding is that by comparison with a reference library of such DNA sections (also called "sequences"), an individual sequence can be used to uniquely identify an organism to species, just as a supermarket scanner uses the familiar black stripes of the UPC barcode ...
Metabarcoding is the barcoding of DNA/RNA (or eDNA/eRNA) in a manner that allows for the simultaneous identification of many taxa within the same sample. The main difference between barcoding and metabarcoding is that metabarcoding does not focus on one specific organism, but instead aims to determine species composition within a sample.
Microbial DNA barcoding is the use of DNA metabarcoding to characterize a mixture of microorganisms. DNA metabarcoding is a method of DNA barcoding that uses universal genetic markers to identify DNA of a mixture of organisms.
Fungal DNA barcoding is the process of identifying species of the biological kingdom Fungi through the amplification and sequencing of specific DNA sequences and their comparison with sequences deposited in a DNA barcode database such as the ISHAM reference database, [1] or the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD). In this attempt, DNA barcoding ...
Unique molecular identifiers (UMIs), or molecular barcodes (MBC) are short sequences or molecular "tags" added to DNA fragments in some next generation sequencing library preparation protocols to identify the input DNA molecule.
The barcoded DNA fragments are amplified using PCR to create a library of DNA fragments with identical barcodes. All the fragments derived from a given DNA molecule are tagged with the same barcode. [4] This step increases the quantity of DNA for sequencing and reduces the chances of losing unique DNA fragments during sequencing.
Optical mapping [1] is a technique for constructing ordered, genome-wide, high-resolution restriction maps from single, stained molecules of DNA, called "optical maps". By mapping the location of restriction enzyme sites along the unknown DNA of an organism, the spectrum of resulting DNA fragments collectively serves as a unique "fingerprint" or "barcode" for that sequence.
The ITS region is the most widely sequenced DNA region in molecular ecology of fungi [28] and has been recommended as the universal fungal barcode sequence. [29] It has typically been most useful for molecular systematics at the species to genus level, and even within species (e.g., to identify geographic races).