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Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is a member of the Picornaviridae family, an enterovirus. First isolated in California in 1962 and once considered rare, it has been on a worldwide upswing in the 21st century. [2] [3] [4] It is suspected of causing a polio-like disorder called acute flaccid myelitis (AFM).
Coxsackie B infections usually do not cause serious disease, although for newborns in the first 1–2 weeks of life, Coxsackie B infections can easily be fatal. [2] The pancreas is a frequent target, which can cause pancreatitis. [2] Coxsackie B3 (CB3) infections are the most common enterovirus cause of myocarditis and sudden cardiac death. [8]
Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is notable as one of the major causative agents for hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), and is sometimes associated with severe central nervous system diseases. [32] EV-A71 was first isolated and characterized from cases of neurological disease in California in 1969.
Coxsackieviruses are divided into group A and group B viruses based on early observations of their pathogenicity in neonatal mice. [1] Group A coxsackieviruses were noted to cause a flaccid paralysis (which was caused by generalized myositis) while group B coxsackieviruses were noted to cause a spastic paralysis (due to focal muscle injury and degeneration of neuronal tissue).
Enterovirus E The virus may also be referred to as enteric cytopathic bovine orphan virus (ECBO). It is endemic in cattle populations worldwide, and although normally fairly nonpathogenic, it can cause reproductive, respiratory, or enteric disease – particularly when the animal is concurrently infected with another pathogen.
The development of ICTVdB has been supported by the ICTV since 1991 and was initially intended to aid taxonomic research. The database classifies viruses based primarily on their chemical characteristics, genomic type, nucleic acid replication, diseases, vectors, and geographical distribution, among other characteristics. [22]
Echovirus is a polyphyletic group of viruses associated with enteric disease in humans. The name is derived from " e nteric c ytopathic h uman o rphan virus ". These viruses were originally not associated with disease, but many have since been identified as disease-causing agents.
Infectious Diseases (formerly Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases) is a peer-reviewed medical journal publishing original research and review articles on clinical and microbiological aspects of infectious diseases.