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The nerves exit the pterygopalatine fossa through the pterygomaxillary fissure.They pass within or upon the posterior wall of the maxilla. [1]: 496 They descend on the tuberosity of the maxilla and give off several twigs to the gums and neighboring parts of the mucous membrane of the cheek.
In neuroanatomy, the maxillary nerve (V 2) is one of the three branches or divisions of the trigeminal nerve, the fifth (CN V) cranial nerve.It comprises the principal functions of sensation from the maxilla, nasal cavity, sinuses, the palate and subsequently that of the mid-face, [1] and is intermediate, both in position and size, between the ophthalmic nerve and the mandibular nerve.
The maxillary second molar is the tooth located laterally from both the maxillary first molars of the mouth but mesially from both maxillary third molars. This is true only in permanent teeth. In deciduous teeth, the maxillary second molar is the last tooth in the mouth and does not have a third molar behind it.
The superior dental plexus is a nerve plexus that innervates the upper/maxillary teeth and as adjacent structures. [1] It is formed by the anterior superior alveolar nerve (ASAN), middle superior alveolar nerve (MSAN), and the posterior superior alveolar nerve (PSAN). [1] [2] [3] It issues dental branches and gingival branches. [4]
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It branches from the infraorbital nerve within the infraorbital canal [1] [2] at around the midpoint of this canal and enters the canalis sinuosus.It passes through towards the nose before passing inferior-ward and ramifying [2] into branches which innervate the upper/maxillary incisor and canine teeth; [1] [2] it usually innervates all the anterior teeth.
The inferior alveolar nerves supply sensation to the lower teeth, [2]: 519 and, via the mental nerve, sensation to the chin and lower lip. [ citation needed ] The mylohyoid nerve is a motor nerve supplying the mylohyoid and the anterior belly of the digastric .
Anatomy of the mouth. Floor of the mouth with lingual frenum and sublingual fold. The mouth consists of two regions: the vestibule and the oral cavity proper. The vestibule is the area between the teeth, lips and cheeks. [3]