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Newborn infants have low stores of vitamin K, and human breast milk has low concentrations of the vitamin. This combination can lead to vitamin K deficiency and later onset bleeding. Vitamin K deficiency leads to the risk of blood coagulation problems due to impaired production of clotting factors II, VII, IX, X, protein C and protein S by the ...
Additional risk factors include 1) infants who never got a vitamin K shot at birth, even more so if they were solely breastfed, 2) infants who had mothers taking medications to treat seizures since these affect how the body uses vitamin K, 3) infants with diarrhea, cystic fibrosis, and celiac disease because this makes it hard to absorb ...
Bronze baby syndrome (dark pigmentation of skin). The primary symptom is yellowish discoloration of the white part of the eyes and skin in a newborn baby. [1] Other symptoms may include excess sleepiness or poor feeding. [1] A bilirubin level more than 34 μmol/L (2 mg/dL) may be visible. [1]
The blood clotting factors of newborn babies are roughly 30–60% that of adult values; this appears to be a consequence of poor transfer of the vitamin across the placenta, and thus low fetal plasma vitamin K. [19] Occurrence of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in the first week of the infant's life is estimated at between 1 in 60 and 1 in 250.
Jaundice in newborns may be treated with phototherapy or exchanged transfusion depending on age and prematurity when the bilirubin is greater than 4–21 mg/dl (68–365 μmol/L). [9] The itchiness may be helped by draining the gallbladder , ursodeoxycholic acid , or opioid antagonists such as naltrexone . [ 2 ]
Therefore, the Committee on Nutrition of the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that 0.5 to 1.0 mg Vitamin K 1 be administered to all newborns shortly after birth. [ 4 ] Postmenopausal and elderly women in Thailand have a high risk of Vitamin K 2 deficiency, compared with the normal value of young, reproductive females. [ 5 ]