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Functions with promises also have promise aggregation methods that allow the program to await multiple promises at once or in some special pattern (such as C#'s Task.WhenAll(), [1]: 174–175 [13]: 664–665 which returns a valueless Task that resolves when all of the tasks in the arguments have resolved). Many promise types also have ...
AmbientTalk (including first-class resolvers and read-only promises) C++, starting with C++11: std::future and std::promise Compositional C++; Crystal (programming language) Dart (with Future/Completer classes [29] and the keywords await and async [26]) Elm (programming language) via the Task module [30] Glasgow Haskell (I-vars and M-vars only)
ReactiveX (Rx, also known as Reactive Extensions) is a software library originally created by Microsoft that allows imperative programming languages to operate on sequences of data regardless of whether the data is synchronous or asynchronous.
Julia—"concurrent programming primitives: Tasks, async-wait, Channels." [15] JavaScript—via web workers, in a browser environment, promises, and callbacks. JoCaml—concurrent and distributed channel based, extension of OCaml, implements the join-calculus of processes; Join Java—concurrent, based on Java language
C++ also allows objects to provide an implementation of the function call operation. The Standard Template Library accepts these objects (called functors) as parameters. Many dynamic languages, such as JavaScript, Lua, Python, Perl [1] [2] and PHP, allow a function object to be passed.
A simple way to understand wait (P) and signal (V) operations is: wait: Decrements the value of the semaphore variable by 1. If the new value of the semaphore variable is negative, the process executing wait is blocked (i.e., added to the semaphore's queue). Otherwise, the process continues execution, having used a unit of the resource.
Haxe originated with the idea of supporting client-side and server-side programming in one language, and simplifying the communication logic between them. [7] Code written in Haxe can be compiled into JavaScript, C++, Java, JVM, PHP, C#, Python, Lua [8] and Node.js. [9]
Different languages compile into a shared runtime. A virtual machine (VM) is a specialised intermediate language that several different languages compile down to. Languages that use the same virtual machine can interoperate, as they will share a memory model and compiler and thus libraries from one language can be re-used for others on the same VM.