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  2. Pigeonhole principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pigeonhole_principle

    Pigeon-hole messageboxes at Stanford University. Dirichlet published his works in both French and German, using either the German Schubfach or the French tiroir. The strict original meaning of these terms corresponds to the English drawer, that is, an open-topped box that can be slid in and out of the cabinet that contains it. (Dirichlet wrote ...

  3. Pigeonholing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pigeonholing

    Pigeon-hole messageboxes at Stanford University Pigeonholing is a process that attempts to classify disparate entities into a limited number of categories (usually, mutually exclusive ones). The term usually carries connotations of criticism, implying that the classification scheme referred to inadequately reflects the entities being sorted, or ...

  4. Without loss of generality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Without_loss_of_generality

    Consider the following theorem (which is a case of the pigeonhole principle): If three objects are each painted either red or blue, then there must be at least two objects of the same color. A proof: Assume, without loss of generality, that the first object is red.

  5. Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Gustav_Lejeune_Dirichlet

    He first used the pigeonhole principle, a basic counting argument, in the proof of a theorem in diophantine approximation, later named after him Dirichlet's approximation theorem. He published important contributions to Fermat's Last Theorem, for which he proved the cases n = 5 and n = 14, and to the biquadratic reciprocity law. [3]

  6. Siegel's lemma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siegel's_lemma

    The existence of these polynomials was proven by Axel Thue; [1] Thue's proof used what would be translated from German as Dirichlet's Drawers principle, which is widely known as the Pigeonhole principle. Carl Ludwig Siegel published his lemma in 1929. [2] It is a pure existence theorem for a system of linear equations.

  7. Lossless compression - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lossless_compression

    By operation of the pigeonhole principle, no lossless compression algorithm can shrink the size of all possible data: Some data will get longer by at least one symbol or bit. Compression algorithms are usually effective for human- and machine-readable documents and cannot shrink the size of random data that contain no redundancy. Different ...

  8. Pigeonhole - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pigeonhole

    Pigeonhole, a nesting space in a dovecote; Pigeon-hole messagebox, a communication method; Pigeonhole principle, a mathematical principle; Pigeonhole sort, a sorting algorithm; Pigeonholing, classifying things into categories; Pigeon Hole Station, once part of Victoria River Downs Station, Northern Territory, Australia

  9. Collision resistance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collision_resistance

    In cryptography, collision resistance is a property of cryptographic hash functions: a hash function H is collision-resistant if it is hard to find two inputs that hash to the same output; that is, two inputs a and b where a ≠ b but H(a) = H(b).