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The main treatment for acral erythema is discontinuation of the offending drug, and symptomatic treatment to provide analgesia, lessen edema, and prevent superinfection. However, the treatment for the underlying cancer of the patient must not be neglected. Often, the discontinued drug can be substituted with another cancer drug or cancer treatment.
Chemotherapy-induced hyperpigmentation is caused by many chemotherapeutic agents (especially the antibiotics bleomycin, and daunorubicin) and the alkylating agents (cyclophosphamide and busulfan). [ 1 ] : 132
Treatment for postinflammatory hyperpigmentation may include topical agents like hydroquinone, retinoids, ascorbic acid, and azelaic acid, as well as chemical peels or laser therapy to promote skin renewal and reduce pigmentation. Sun protection is also crucial to prevent further darkening of the affected skin.
The exact mechanism of various reactions differs, and not all reactions are allergic or immunogenic. [10] In some cases there is inflammatory influx, consistent with leukocytoclastic vasculitis (e.g. infiltrating neutrophils, prominent nuclear dust, lymphocytes and eosinophils with local macrophage infiltration). [6]
Livedo reticularis is a common skin finding consisting of a mottled reticulated vascular pattern that appears as a lace-like purplish discoloration of the skin. [1] The discoloration is caused by reduction in blood flow through the arterioles that supply the cutaneous capillaries, resulting in deoxygenated blood showing as blue discoloration ().
Hypopigmented lesions can range in color from hypopigmentation to depigmentation, and their size, form, and primary inflammatory dermatosis frequently correspond with each other. Complete depigmentation is more noticeable in people with darker skin and is frequently observed in cases of discoid lupus erythematosus and severe atopic dermatitis .
Erythema (Ancient Greek: ἐρύθημα, from Greek erythros 'red') is redness of the skin or mucous membranes, caused by hyperemia (increased blood flow) in superficial capillaries. [1] It occurs with any skin injury, infection, or inflammation .
The culprit can be both a prescription drug or an over-the-counter medication. Examples of common drugs causing drug eruptions are antibiotics and other antimicrobial drugs, sulfa drugs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), biopharmaceuticals, chemotherapy agents, anticonvulsants and psychotropic drugs.