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French language map of Ruanda-Urundi, c. 1929–1938 Both Rwanda and Burundi were assigned to the German Empire in the Berlin Conference of 1884–85. [9] Germany did not rule over the kingdoms themselves, but instead chose to rule indirectly through their monarchies, [6] making them the westernmost part of the German East Africa colony.
The resulting conflicts and retaliatory genocide among Hutu and Tutsi ethnic groups, in Burundi - and Rwanda with which Burundi shares history and culture - have attracted widespread dismay and attention. [11] In the post-colonial contemporary era, Mushasha in the Gitega Province of Burundi serves as its archbishop's seat. [6]
Islam is a minority religion in Rwanda, practiced by 2% of the total population according to the 2022 census. [1] Virtually all Muslims in Rwanda are Sunni Muslim . Islam was first introduced into Rwanda by Muslim traders from the East Coast of Africa in the 20th century.
In the 19th century, Islam reached Burundi due to the settlement of Arab and Swahili traders; [49] the Muslims also set up local palm oil production. [50] Islam remained prominent among merchants during the kingdom's existence, but did not spread substantially in Burundi until after the monarchy had been abolished. [49]
Islam first arrived in Burundi from the East African coast with Arab traders in the late 19th century. [3] The Arabs were prevented from entering the Kingdom of Burundi by a successful campaign of resistance led by mwami (king) Mwezi IV Gisabo. [3] However, they did establish settlements at Ujiji and Uvira close to the country's current borders ...
The origins of the Hutu, Tutsi and Twa peoples is a major issue of controversy in the histories of Rwanda and Burundi, as well as the Great Lakes region of Africa.The relationship among the three modern populations is thus, in many ways, derived from the perceived origins and claim to "Rwandan-ness".
The origins of Burundi are known from a mix of oral history and archaeology. [1] There are two main founding legends for Burundi. Both suggest that the nation was founded by a man named Cambarantama. The other version, more common in pre-colonial Burundi says that Cambarantama came from the southern state of Buha. [2]
Ruanda-Urundi (French pronunciation: [ʁwɑ̃da uʁundi]), [a] later Rwanda-Burundi, was a geopolitical entity, once part of German East Africa, that was occupied by troops from the Belgian Congo during the East African campaign in World War I and was administered by Belgium under military occupation from 1916 to 1922.