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In cell biology, protein kinase C, commonly abbreviated to PKC (EC 2.7.11.13), is a family of protein kinase enzymes that are involved in controlling the function of other proteins through the phosphorylation of hydroxyl groups of serine and threonine amino acid residues on these proteins, or a member of this family.
Excessive activation of the polyol pathway increases intracellular and extracellular sorbitol concentrations, increased concentrations of reactive oxygen species, and decreased concentrations of nitric oxide and glutathione. Each of these imbalances can damage cells; in diabetes there are several acting together.
Glutathione (GSH, / ˌ ɡ l uː t ə ˈ θ aɪ oʊ n /) is an organic compound with the chemical formula HOCOCH(NH 2)CH 2 CH 2 CONHCH(CH 2 SH)CONHCH 2 COOH. It is an antioxidant in plants , animals , fungi , and some bacteria and archaea .
PI3K activation phosphorylates and activates AKT, localizing it in the plasma membrane. [1] AKT can have a number of downstream effects such as activating CREB , [ 2 ] inhibiting p27 , [ 3 ] localizing FOXO in the cytoplasm, [ 3 ] activating PtdIns -3ps, [ 4 ] and activating mTOR [ 3 ] which can affect transcription of p70 or 4EBP1. [ 3 ]
18750 Ensembl ENSG00000154229 ENSMUSG00000050965 UniProt P17252 P20444 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_002737 NM_011101 RefSeq (protein) NP_002728 NP_035231 Location (UCSC) Chr 17: 66.3 – 66.81 Mb Chr 11: 107.82 – 108.23 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Protein kinase C alpha (PKCα) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PRKCA gene. Function Protein kinase C (PKC) is a ...
Human PRKCE gene (Ensembl ID: ENSG00000171132) encodes the protein PKCε (Uniprot ID: Q02156), which is 737 amino acids in length with a molecular weight of 83.7 kDa. The PKC family of serine-threonine kinases contains thirteen PKC isoforms, and each isoform can be distinguished by differences in primary structure, gene expression, subcellular localization, and modes of activation. [7]
Protein kinase C eta type is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PRKCH gene. [5] [6] [7] Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of serine- and threonine-specific protein kinases that can be activated by calcium and the second messenger diacylglycerol. PKC family members phosphorylate a wide variety of protein targets and are known to be ...
While induction entails the transient activation of CaMKII and PKC, maintenance of E-LTP (early-form LTP) is characterized by their persistent activation. During this stage PKMzeta (PKMζ) which does not have dependence on calcium, become autonomously active. Consequently, they are able to carry out the phosphorylation events that underlie E ...