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Ebola, also known as Ebola virus disease (EVD) and Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF), is a viral hemorrhagic fever in humans and other primates, caused by ebolaviruses. [1] Symptoms typically start anywhere between two days and three weeks after infection. [3] The first symptoms are usually fever, sore throat, muscle pain, and headaches. [1]
The germ theory of disease proposes that invisible microorganisms (bacteria and viruses) are the cause of particular illnesses in both humans and animals. [2] Prior to medicine becoming hard science , there were many philosophical theories about how disease originated and was transmitted.
A representation by Robert Seymour of the cholera epidemic depicts the spread of the disease in the form of poisonous air.. The miasma theory was the predominant theory of disease transmission before the germ theory took hold towards the end of the 19th century; it is no longer accepted as a correct explanation for disease by the scientific community.
In particular, "Ebola virus" does not have an official meaning recognized by ICTV, and rather they continue to use and recommend only the species designation Zaire ebolavirus. [ 52 ] The threshold for putting isolates into different species is usually a difference of more than 30% at the nucleotide level, compared to the type strain .
Pre-existing theories of disease: Before a pathogen is well-recognized, scientists may attribute the symptoms of infection to other causes, such as toxicological, psychological, or genetic causes. Once a pathogen has been associated with an illness, researchers have reported difficulty displacing these pre-existing theories.
The family Filoviridae is a virological taxon that was defined in 1982 [3] and emended in 1991, [9] 1998, [10] 2000, [11] 2005, [12] 2010 [13] and 2011. [14] The family currently includes the six virus genera Cuevavirus, Dianlovirus, Ebolavirus, Marburgvirus, Striavirus, and Thamnovirus and is included in the order Mononegavirales. [13]
Zaire ebolavirus, more commonly known as Ebola virus (/ i ˈ b oʊ l ə, ɪ-/; EBOV), is one of six known species within the genus Ebolavirus. [1] Four of the six known ebolaviruses, including EBOV, cause a severe and often fatal hemorrhagic fever in humans and other mammals, known as Ebola virus disease (EVD).
Cross-species transmission is the most significant cause of disease emergence in humans and other species. [citation needed] Wildlife zoonotic diseases of microbial origin are also the most common group of human emerging diseases, and CST between wildlife and livestock has appreciable economic impacts in agriculture by reducing livestock productivity and imposing export restrictions. [2]