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Hoffman et al examined the effects of distal vs. proximal traits on leader effectiveness. They found that distal individual differences of achievement motivation, energy, flexibility, dominance, honesty/integrity, self-confidence, creativity, and charisma were strongly correlated with leader effectiveness. Additionally, they found that the ...
Genuine causal relationships and accidents. Causes and effects. Causes and effects from a common cause. One famous example of the importance of this is the Duhem–Quine thesis, which demonstrates that it is impossible to test a hypothesis in isolation, because an empirical test of the hypothesis requires one or more background assumptions. One ...
Examples of proximal stressors include fear of rejection, rumination on previous experiences with prejudice, and distaste for one's own minority group following a prejudice event. [ 1 ] [ 23 ] Most research on this topic focuses on either sexual minorities or African Americans, and it is unclear whether the proximal stress processes are ...
Such designs would thus occur in schools, homes, day-care centers, and other environments in which proximal processes are most likely to occur. The bioecological model also proposes that the most scientifically rich studies would include more than one distinct but theoretically related proximal process in the same design. [8]
Object relations theory is a school of thought in psychoanalytic theory and psychoanalysis centered around theories of stages of ego development. Its concerns include the relation of the psyche to others in childhood and the exploration of relationships between external people, as well as internal images and the relations found in them. [1]
Perceptions are affected by construal level theory in almost all aspects of psychology. [2] Strong relationships and similarities have been found between different types of psychological distances. These include temporal, spatial, personal, and social distance. [2] When distance on one of these levels increases, the other levels also increase.
The good news is that the farrier is in the area and can shoe your horse right away. However, in all the excitement your horse is having far too much fun to be caught.
Within the realm of social psychology, the proximity principle accounts for the tendency for individuals to form interpersonal relations with those who are close by. Theodore Newcomb first documented this effect through his study of the acquaintance process, which demonstrated how people who interact and live close to each other will be more ...