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Gran Atlas Aguilar (Spain, 1969/1970) Historical Atlas of China (Taiwan, 1980) The Historical Atlas of China (China, 1982) National Geographic Atlas of the World (United States, 1963–present) Pergamon World Atlas (1962/1968) Times Atlas of the World (United Kingdom, 1895–present) Dorling Kindersley Atlas of the World 1994–present
Pumped-storage hydroelectricity (PSH), or pumped hydroelectric energy storage (PHES), is a type of hydroelectric energy storage used by electric power systems for load balancing. A PSH system stores energy in the form of gravitational potential energy of water, pumped from a lower elevation reservoir to a higher elevation.
[2] [3] In hydrology, a water balance equation can be used to describe the flow of water in and out of a system. A system can be one of several hydrological or water domains, such as a column of soil, a drainage basin, an irrigation area or a city. The water balance is also referred to as a water budget. Developing water budgets is a ...
The diagram also shows how human water use impacts where water is stored and how it moves. [ 1 ] The water cycle (or hydrologic cycle or hydrological cycle ) is a biogeochemical cycle that involves the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth .
Hydropower (from Ancient Greek ὑδρο-, "water"), also known as water power or water energy, is the use of falling or fast-running water to produce electricity or to power machines. This is achieved by converting the gravitational potential or kinetic energy of a water source to produce power. [1] Hydropower is a method of sustainable energy ...
Most water in Earth's atmosphere and crust comes from saline seawater, while fresh water accounts for nearly 1% of the total. The vast bulk of the water on Earth is saline or salt water, with an average salinity of 35‰ (or 3.5%, roughly equivalent to 34 grams of salts in 1 kg of seawater), though this varies slightly according to the amount of runoff received from surrounding land.
Water potential is the potential energy of water per unit volume relative to pure water in reference conditions. Water potential quantifies the tendency of water to move from one area to another due to osmosis , gravity , mechanical pressure and matrix effects such as capillary action (which is caused by surface tension ).
The World Ocean Atlas (WOA) is a data product of the Ocean Climate Laboratory of the National Centers for Environmental Information . [1] The WOA consists of a climatology of fields of in situ ocean properties for the World Ocean .