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Cross-site scripting (XSS) [a] is a type of security vulnerability that can be found in some web applications. XSS attacks enable attackers to inject client-side scripts into web pages viewed by other users. A cross-site scripting vulnerability may be used by attackers to bypass access controls such as the same-origin policy.
Double encoding is usually used as an attack technique to bypass authorization schemes or security filters that intercept user input. [2] In double encoding attacks against security filters, characters of the payload that are treated as illegal by those filters are replaced with their double-encoded form. [3]
Additionally, while typically described as a static type of attack, CSRF can also be dynamically constructed as part of a payload for a cross-site scripting attack, as demonstrated by the Samy worm, or constructed on the fly from session information leaked via offsite content and sent to a target as a malicious URL.
Cache-timing attacks rely on the ability to infer hits and misses in shared caches on the web platform. [54] One of the first instances of a cache-timing attack involved the making of a cross-origin request to a page and then probing for the existence of the resources loaded by the request in the shared HTTP and the DNS cache.
An XSS worm, sometimes referred to as a cross site scripting virus, [1] is a malicious (or sometimes non-malicious) payload, usually written in JavaScript, that breaches browser security to propagate among visitors of a website in the attempt to progressively infect other visitors. [2]
It can also be used to get around cross-site scripting (XSS) restrictions, embedding the attack payload fully inside the address bar, and hosted via URL shortening services rather than needing a full website that is controlled by a third party. [8] As a result, some browsers now block webpages from navigating to data URIs. [9]
Samy (also known as JS.Spacehero) is a cross-site scripting worm that was designed to propagate across the social networking site MySpace by Samy Kamkar.Within just 20 hours [1] of its October 4, 2005 release, over one million users had run the payload [2] making Samy the fastest-spreading virus of all time.
Cross-site scripting (XSS) enables attackers to inject and run JavaScript-based malware when input checking is insufficient to reject the injected code. [28] XSS can be persistent, when attackers save the malware in a data field and run it when the data is loaded; it can also be loaded using a malicious URL link (reflected XSS). [28]