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Henry Cavendish FRS (/ ˈ k æ v ən d ɪ ʃ / KAV-ən-dish; 10 October 1731 – 24 February 1810) was an English experimental and theoretical chemist and physicist.He is noted for his discovery of hydrogen, which he termed "inflammable air". [1]
Robert Boyle coined the term Factitious Air upon isolating hydrogen in 1670. [1] Henry Cavendish (1731–1810) used the term "factitious air" to refer to "any kind of air which is contained in other bodies in an unelastic state, and is produced from thence by art".
1766 – Henry Cavendish publishes in "On Factitious Airs" a description of "dephlogisticated air" by reacting zinc metal with hydrochloric acid and isolates a gas 7 to 11 times lighter than air. 1774 – Joseph Priestley isolates and categorizes oxygen. 1780 – Felice Fontana discovers the water-gas shift reaction.
May 29 – Henry Cavendish presents to the Royal Society of London his paper "On Factitious Airs". This is generally credited as showing the discovery of hydrogen, since it describes the density of 'inflammable air', which forms water on combustion. Pierre Macquer publishes his Dictionnaire de chymie.
In 1766, Henry Cavendish was the first to recognize hydrogen gas as a discrete substance, by naming the gas from a metal-acid reaction "inflammable air". He speculated that "inflammable air" was in fact identical to the hypothetical substance "phlogiston" [65] [66] and further finding in 1781 that the gas produces water when burned. He is ...
In 1766, English chemist Henry Cavendish isolated hydrogen, which he called "inflammable air". Cavendish discovered hydrogen as a colorless, odourless gas that burns and can form an explosive mixture with air, and published a paper on the production of water by burning inflammable air (that is, hydrogen) in dephlogisticated air (now known to be ...
After Joseph Black realized that carbon dioxide was in fact a different sort of gas altogether from atmospheric air, other gases were identified, including hydrogen by Henry Cavendish in 1766. Alessandro Volta expanded the list with his discovery of methane in 1776.
The Cavendish experiment, performed in 1797–1798 by English scientist Henry Cavendish, was the first experiment to measure the force of gravity between masses in the laboratory [1] and the first to yield accurate values for the gravitational constant.