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A number of pieces of deep learning software are built on top of PyTorch, including Tesla Autopilot, [15] Uber's Pyro, [16] Hugging Face's Transformers, [17] PyTorch Lightning, [18] [19] and Catalyst. [20] [21] PyTorch provides two high-level features: [22] Tensor computing (like NumPy) with strong acceleration via graphics processing units (GPU)
When the constructor is called, torch initializes and sets a Lua table with the user-defined metatable, which makes the table an object. Objects created with the torch factory can also be serialized, as long as they do not contain references to objects that cannot be serialized, such as Lua coroutines , and Lua userdata .
Upper case variables represent the entire sentence, and not just the current word. For example, H is a matrix of the encoder hidden state—one word per column. S, T: S, decoder hidden state; T, target word embedding. In the Pytorch Tutorial variant training phase, T alternates between 2 sources depending on the level of teacher forcing used. T ...
In machine learning, the term tensor informally refers to two different concepts (i) a way of organizing data and (ii) a multilinear (tensor) transformation. Data may be organized in a multidimensional array (M-way array), informally referred to as a "data tensor"; however, in the strict mathematical sense, a tensor is a multilinear mapping over a set of domain vector spaces to a range vector ...
PyTorch Lightning is an open-source Python library that provides a high-level interface for PyTorch, a popular deep learning framework. [1] It is a lightweight and high-performance framework that organizes PyTorch code to decouple research from engineering, thus making deep learning experiments easier to read and reproduce.
For many years, sequence modelling and generation was done by using plain recurrent neural networks (RNNs). A well-cited early example was the Elman network (1990). In theory, the information from one token can propagate arbitrarily far down the sequence, but in practice the vanishing-gradient problem leaves the model's state at the end of a long sentence without precise, extractable ...
Bfloat16 is designed to maintain the number range from the 32-bit IEEE 754 single-precision floating-point format (binary32), while reducing the precision from 24 bits to 8 bits. This means that the precision is between two and three decimal digits, and bfloat16 can represent finite values up to about 3.4 × 10 38 .
The regression equations are called "ridgeless" because they lack a ridge regularization term. In this view, linear regression is a special case of kernel regression with the identity feature map: () =. Equivalently, kernel regression is simply linear regression in the feature space (i.e. the range of the feature map defined by the chosen kernel).