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Acute bronchiolitis is caused by a viral infection, usually affecting children younger than two years of age. [5] Symptoms may include fever , cough, runny nose or rhinorrhea , and wheezing . [ 1 ]
Bronchitis. Acute bronchitis, also known as a chest cold, is a short-term inflammation of the bronchi of the lungs. [4] [6] The most common symptom is a cough that may or may not produce sputum. [4] [19] Other symptoms may include coughing up mucus, wheezing, shortness of breath, fever, and chest discomfort. [6] Fever when present is mild. [20]
An exception is when acute bronchitis is due to pertussis. [1] Tentative evidence supports honey and pelargonium to help with symptoms. [1] Acute bronchitis is one of the most common diseases. [3] [13] About 5% of adults are affected and about 6% of children have at least one episode a year. [7] [8] It occurs more often in the winter. [7]
Additionally, bronchitis is described as either acute or chronic depending on its presentation and is also further described by the causative agent. Acute bronchitis can be defined as acute bacterial or viral infection of the larger airways in healthy patients with no history of recurrent disease. [ 8 ]
Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO), also known as obliterative bronchiolitis, constrictive bronchiolitis and popcorn lung, is a disease that results in obstruction of the smallest airways of the lungs (bronchioles) due to inflammation. [1] [6] Symptoms include a dry cough, shortness of breath, wheezing and feeling tired. [1]
This medicine does not effectively treat a viral infection like sore throats, influenza, bronchitis, sinusitis and common respiratory tract infections. [15] [16] This is because antibiotics were developed to target features of bacteria that are not present in viruses, and so antibiotics are ineffective as antiviral agents. [17] [18]
Bronchiolitis is the swelling and buildup of mucus in the bronchioles. It is usually caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), which is spread when an infant touches the nose or throat fluids of someone infected. [26] The virus infects the cells causing ciliary dysfunction and death.
The presence of bronchocentric lymphohistiocytic interstitial pneumonia with chronic bronchiolitis and non-necrotising granulomas coincides with pneumonitis. [ 13 ] Since pneumonitis manifests in all areas of the lungs, imaging such as chest x-rays and Computerized tomography (CT) scans are useful diagnostic tools. [ 3 ]