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2. Variable refrigerant flow - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_refrigerant_flow

   Variable refrigerant flow (VRF), also known as variable refrigerant volume (VRV), is an HVAC technology invented by Daikin Industries, Ltd. in 1982. [1] Similar to ductless mini-split systems, VRFs use refrigerant as the primary cooling and heating medium, and are usually less complex than conventional chiller-based systems.

3. Heat pump and refrigeration cycle - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_pump_and...

   Thermodynamic heat pump cycles or refrigeration cycles are the conceptual and mathematical models for heat pump, air conditioning and refrigeration systems. [1] A heat pump is a mechanical system that transmits heat from one location (the "source") at a certain temperature to another location (the "sink" or "heat sink") at a higher temperature. [2]

4. Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heating,_ventilation,_and...

   An alternative to packaged systems is the use of separate indoor and outdoor coils in split systems. Split systems are preferred and widely used worldwide except in North America. In North America, split systems are most often seen in residential applications, but they are gaining popularity in small commercial buildings. Split systems are used ...

5. Micro combined heat and power - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro_combined_heat_and_power

   The waste heat of gas turbines is mostly in the exhaust, whereas the waste heat of reciprocating internal combustion engines is split between the exhaust and cooling system. External combustion engines can run on any high-temperature heat source. These engines include the Stirling engine, hot "gas" turbocharger, and the steam engine. Both range ...

6. Heat pump - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_pump

   The system normally has eight main components: a compressor, a reservoir, a reversing valve which selects between heating and cooling mode, two thermal expansion valves (one used when in heating mode and the other when used in cooling mode) and two heat exchangers, one associated with the external heat source/sink and the other with the ...

7. Air conditioning - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning

   The first mini-split system was sold in 1961 by Toshiba in Japan, and the first wall-mounted mini-split air conditioner was sold in 1968 in Japan by Mitsubishi Electric, where small home sizes motivated their development. The Mitsubishi model was the first air conditioner with a cross-flow fan.