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Chain-growth polymerization or chain-growth polymerisation is a polymerization technique where monomer molecules add onto the active site on a growing polymer chain one at a time. [1] There are a limited number of these active sites at any moment during the polymerization which gives this method its key characteristics.
The mechanism of homogeneous ring-opening metathesis polymerization is well-studied. It is similar to any olefin metathesis reaction. Initiation occurs by forming an open coordination site on the catalyst. Propagation happens via a metallacycle intermediate formed after a 2+2 cycloaddition. When using a G3 catalyst, 2+2 cycloaddition is the ...
Chain-growth supramolecular polymerization in a broad sense involves two distinct phases; a less favored nucleation and a favored propagation. In this mechanism, after the formation of a nucleus of a certain size, the association constant is increased, and further monomer addition becomes more favored, at which point the polymer growth is ...
Living polymerization: A chain polymerization from which chain transfer and chain termination are absent. Note : In many cases, the rate of chain initiation is fast compared with the rate of chain propagation, so that the number of kinetic-chain carriers is essentially constant throughout the polymerization.
In chain growth polymerization, the position of the equilibrium between polymer and monomers can be determined by the thermodynamics of the polymerization. The Gibbs free energy (ΔG p ) of the polymerization is commonly used to quantify the tendency of a polymeric reaction.
In chain-growth (or chain) polymerization, the only chain-extension reaction step is the addition of a monomer to a growing chain with an active center such as a free radical, cation, or anion. Once the growth of a chain is initiated by formation of an active center, chain propagation is usually rapid by addition of a sequence of monomers.
Catalyst transfer polymerization (CTP), or catalyst transfer polycondensation, is a type of living chain-growth polymerization that is used for synthesizing conjugated polymers. [1] Benefits to using CTP over other methods are low polydispersity and control over number average molecular weight in the resulting polymers. Very few monomers have ...
anionic polymerization: An ionic polymerization in which the kinetic-chain carriers are anions. [ 1 ] In polymer chemistry , anionic addition polymerization is a form of chain-growth polymerization or addition polymerization that involves the polymerization of monomers initiated with anions .