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Thyristor valve stacks for Pole 2 of the HVDC Inter-Island between the North and South Islands of New Zealand. The man at the bottom gives scale to the size of the valves. Each thyristor valve will typically contain tens or hundreds of thyristor levels, each operating at a different (high) potential with respect to earth.
To obtain a positive output voltage (+ 1 / 2 U d) the top two IGBT valves are turned on, to obtain a negative output voltage (- 1 / 2 U d) the bottom two IGBT valves are turned on and to obtain zero output voltage the middle two IGBT valves are turned on. In this latter state, the two clamping diode valves complete the current ...
The Bipole 2 transmission line runs 937 kilometres (582 mi) from Henday to Dorsey. Bipole 2 can transfer a maximum power of 1800 MW at a potential of ±500 kV. Bipole 2 consists of four 12-pulse converter groups at each end (two in series per pole) and was put into service in two stages. After the first stage in 1978 the maximum power was 900 ...
The converter is usually installed in a building called the valve hall. Early HVDC systems used mercury-arc valves, but since the mid-1970s, solid state devices such as thyristors have been used. Converters using thyristors or mercury-arc valves are known as line commutated converters. In thyristor-based converters, many thyristors are ...
HVDC Pole 2 thyristor valve hall at Haywards in the New Zealand HVDC Inter-Island scheme. A valve hall is a building which contains the valves of the static inverters of a high-voltage direct current plant. The valves consist of thyristors, or at older plants, mercury arc rectifiers.
In the first phase of the project (4 bridges at each end) each valve contained 280 such thyristors in series with two in parallel [1] – the largest number ever used in a single HVDC valve. Phases 2 and 3 used improved thyristors with a rating of 2.4 kV each and only required 192 in series per valve – still a large number by modern standards ...
The link originally was a bipolar 600 MW link with mercury arc valves, until the original equipment was paralleled onto a single pole (Pole 1) in 1992, and a new thyristor-based pole (Pole 2) was constructed alongside it, increasing the link's capacity to 1040 MW.
The scheme comprises 48 thyristor valves (12 at each end of each pole) and with each thyristor valve including 54 thyristor levels in series. The thyristors are of 100 mm diameter and are rated at 5.2 kV. The thyristor valves are floor-mounted even though the station is located in a seismically active area.