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Classical physics predicts that such systems should be inherently unstable due to attractive and repulsive electrostatic forces between charges, and thus the stability of matter was a theoretical problem that required a quantum mechanical explanation.
Condensed matter physics and exactly soluble models. Selecta of Elliott H. Lieb. Edited by B. Nachtergaele, J. P. Solovej and J. Yngvason. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2004. x+675 pp. ISBN 3-540-22298-7 [2] The Stability of Matter: From Atoms to Stars. Selecta of Elliott H. Lieb (4th edition). Edited by W. Thirring, with a preface by F. Dyson.
In 1995 Elliott Lieb and coworkers showed that the Pauli principle still leads to stability in intense magnetic fields such as in neutron stars, although at a much higher density than in ordinary matter. [19] It is a consequence of general relativity that, in sufficiently intense gravitational fields, matter collapses to form a black hole.
In nuclear physics, the valley of stability (also called the belt of stability, nuclear valley, energy valley, or beta stability valley) is a characterization of the stability of nuclides to radioactivity based on their binding energy. [1] Nuclides are composed of protons and neutrons.
In nuclear physics, the island of stability is a predicted set of isotopes of superheavy elements that may have considerably longer half-lives than known isotopes of these elements. It is predicted to appear as an "island" in the chart of nuclides , separated from known stable and long-lived primordial radionuclides .
Homotopy theory is deeply related to the stability of topological defects. In the case of line defect, if the closed path can be continuously deformed into one point, the defect is not stable, and otherwise, it is stable. Unlike in cosmology and field theory, topological defects in condensed matter have been experimentally observed. [6]
Metastability is common in physics and chemistry – from an atom (many-body assembly) to statistical ensembles of molecules (viscous fluids, amorphous solids, liquid crystals, minerals, etc.) at molecular levels or as a whole (see Metastable states of matter and grain piles below). The abundance of states is more prevalent as the systems grow ...
Floquet theory shows stability in Hill differential equation (introduced by George William Hill) approximating the motion of the moon as a harmonic oscillator in a periodic gravitational field. Bond softening and bond hardening in intense laser fields can be described in terms of solutions obtained from the Floquet theorem.