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Königsberg (/ ˈ k ɜː n ɪ ɡ z b ɜːr ɡ /, German: [ˈkøːnɪçsbɛʁk] ⓘ; lit. ' King's mountain '; Polish: Królewiec; Lithuanian: Karaliaučius; Baltic Prussian: Kunnegsgarbs; Russian: Кёнигсберг, romanized: Kyónigsberg, IPA: [ˈkʲɵnʲɪɡzbʲɪrk]) is the historic German and Prussian name of the medieval city that is now Kaliningrad, Russia.
The Königsberg Castle (German: Königsberger Schloss, Russian: Кёнигсбергский замок, romanized: Konigsbergskiy zamok) was one of the landmarks of the city of Königsberg (since 1946 Kaliningrad, Russia). It was the seat of the King of Prussia, who was by extension the Emperor (Kaiser) of the German Empire.
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Kaliningrad, Russia. The city was known as Königsberg ( Polish : Królewiec , Lithuanian : Karaliaučius ) prior to 1945 and Twangste prior to 1255.
Königsberg Castle and its suburbs remained separate until the Städteordnung of Stein on 19 November 1808 during the era of Prussian reforms. [17] Altstadt was devastated by the 1944 Bombing of Königsberg and 1945 Battle of Königsberg. Buildings which survived World War II were subsequently demolished by the Soviet Union.
Kaliningrad, [a] known as Königsberg [b] until 1946, is the largest city and administrative centre of Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave between Lithuania and Poland, 663 kilometres (412 mi) west of the bulk of Russia on the Pregolya River, at the head of the Vistula Lagoon, and the only ice-free Russian port on the Baltic Sea.
The history of Poles in Königsberg (Polish: Królewiec) goes back to the 14th century. In the struggles between the Kingdom of Poland and the Teutonic Order , the city was briefly part of the Polish state, and after the Second Peace of Toruń , 1466, it was considered a part of Poland as a fief held by the Teutonic Order [ 1 ] and the secular ...
Königsberg's synagogues were burned down during Kristallnacht in 1938. Königsberg's stock exchange, the Börse , was located by the Pregel between the bridges Grüne Brücke and Köttelbrücke. Fort Friedrichsburg existed just west of Vordere Vorstadt from 1657 to 1910.
The 15 metre-thick First Belt was erected due to Königsberg's vulnerability during the Polish–Swedish wars. [2] The Second Belt was largely constructed on the place of the first one, which was in a bad condition. [2] The new belt included twelve bastions, three ravelins, seven spoil banks and two fortresses, surrounded by a water moat. [2]