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Also acid ionization constant or acidity constant. A quantitative measure of the strength of an acid in solution expressed as an equilibrium constant for a chemical dissociation reaction in the context of acid-base reactions. It is often given as its base-10 cologarithm, p K a. acid–base extraction A chemical reaction in which chemical species are separated from other acids and bases. acid ...
The simplest interpolation method is to locate the nearest data value, and assign the same value. In simple problems, this method is unlikely to be used, as linear interpolation (see below) is almost as easy, but in higher-dimensional multivariate interpolation, this could be a favourable choice for its speed and simplicity.
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Wannier interpolation schemes have been derived for spectral properties, [13] anomalous Hall conductivity, [14] orbital magnetization, [15] thermoelectric and electronic transport properties, [16] gyrotropic effects, [17] shift current, [18] spin Hall conductivity [19] [20] and other effects.
In other words, the interpolation polynomial is at most a factor (L + 1) worse than the best possible approximation. This suggests that we look for a set of interpolation nodes that makes L small. In particular, we have for Chebyshev nodes : L ≤ 2 π log ( n + 1 ) + 1. {\displaystyle L\leq {\frac {2}{\pi }}\log(n+1)+1.}
This is another formulation of a composite Simpson's rule: instead of applying Simpson's rule to disjoint segments of the integral to be approximated, Simpson's rule is applied to overlapping segments, yielding [6] [() + + + + = + + + + ()].
In other words, the interpolation polynomial is at most a factor Λ n (T ) + 1 worse than the best possible approximation. This suggests that we look for a set of interpolation nodes with a small Lebesgue constant. The Lebesgue constant can be expressed in terms of the Lagrange basis polynomials:
We minimize the second term while it is clear that the sum coefficients must be equal to one if we want to find the exact solution. The minimization is done by a Lagrange multiplier technique. Introducing an undetermined multiplier λ , a Lagrangian is constructed as