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For instance, some non-naive T cells express surface markers similar to naive T cells (Tscm, stem cell memory T cells; [4] Tmp, memory T cells with a naive phenotype [5]), some antigen-naive T cells have lost their naive phenotype, [6] and some T cells are incorporated within the naive T cell phenotype but are a different T cell subset (Treg ...
CD45 isoforms show cell-type and differentiation-stage specific expression, a pattern which is quite well conserved in mammals. [7] These isoforms are often used as markers that identify and distinguish between different types of immune cells. Naive T lymphocytes are typically positive for CD45RA, which includes only the A protein region.
T EMRA stands for terminally differentiated effector memory cells re-expressing CD45RA, which is a marker usually found on naive T cells. [23] Tissue-resident memory T cells (T RM) occupy tissues (skin, lung, etc.) without recirculating. One cell surface marker that has been associated with T RM is the intern αeβ7, also known as CD103. [24]
CD3 (cluster of differentiation 3) is a protein complex and T cell co-receptor that is involved in activating both the cytotoxic T cell (CD8+ naive T cells) and T helper cells (CD4+ naive T cells). [1] It is composed of four distinct chains. In mammals, the complex contains a CD3γ chain, a CD3δ chain, and two CD3ε chains.
Longitudinal studies on T SCM dynamics in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) have shown that donor-derived T SCM cells were highly enriched early after HSCT, differentiated directly from Tn, and that Tn and T SCM cells (but not central memory or effector T cells) were able to reconstitute the entire heterogeneity of memory T cell subsets including T SCM cells. [6]
CD28 (Cluster of Differentiation 28) is a protein expressed on T cells that provides essential co-stimulatory signals required for T cell activation and survival. When T cells are stimulated through CD28 in conjunction with the T-cell receptor (), it enhances the production of various interleukins, particularly IL-6.
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