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Vipera berus, also known as the common European adder [3] and the common European viper, [4] is a species of venomous snake in the family Viperidae. The species is extremely widespread and can be found throughout much of Europe , and as far as East Asia . [ 2 ]
Russell's viper, Daboia russelii Dilute Russell's viper venom time (dRVVT) is a laboratory test often used for detection of lupus anticoagulant (LA). It is an assessment of the time for blood to clot in the presence of a diluted amount of venom from Russell's viper (Daboia russelii), a highly venomous snake native to the Indian subcontinent and named after the herpetologist Patrick Russell.
Echis ocellatus, known by the common names West African carpet viper [2] [3] and ocellated carpet viper, [4] is a highly venomous species of viper endemic to West Africa. No subspecies are currently recognized. [5] It is responsible for more human fatalities due to snakebite than all other African species combined. [6]
The quantity of venom produced by individual specimens of D. russelii is considerable. Venom yields for adult specimens have been reported as 130–250 mg, 150–250 mg, and 21–268 mg. For 13 juveniles with an average total length of 79 cm (31 in), the venom yield ranged from 8 to 79 mg (mean 45 mg). [5]
The toxicity of the venom varies. Stemmler (1971) states that the population in Passwang district, Switzerland have the strongest venom based on studies conducted on mice. [22] Compared to venoms from other species, it is relatively toxic. Brown (1973) gives LD 50 values of 1.0 mg/kg IV and 1.0–2.0 mg/kg SC. [23] Tu et al. (1969) report 4.7 ...
Viper venom (Russell's viper, saw-scaled vipers, bushmasters, and rattlesnakes) acts more on the vascular system, bringing about coagulation of the blood and clotting of the pulmonary arteries; its action on the nervous system is not great, no individual group of nerve-cells appears to be picked out, and the effect upon respiration is not so ...