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After 1837, overland travel from Britain to British India was popularised, with stopovers in Egypt gaining appeal. [3] After 1840, steam ships were used to facilitate travel on both sides of Egypt, and from the 1850s, railways were constructed along the route; the usefulness of this new route was on display during the Indian Rebellion of 1857, with 5,000 British troops having arrived through ...
A History of Modern Egypt and Anglo-Egyptian Relations: 1800-1956 (Archon Books, 1965). Morewood, Steve. The British Defence of Egypt, 1935-40: Conflict and Crisis in the Eastern Mediterranean (2008). Royal Institute of International Affairs. Great Britain and Egypt, 1914-1951 (2nd ed. 1952) also online free [ISBN missing]
Starting in 1867, Egypt became a nominally autonomous tributary state called the Khedivate of Egypt. However, Khedivate Egypt fell under British control in 1882 following the Anglo-Egyptian War . After the end of World War I and following the Egyptian revolution of 1919 , the Kingdom of Egypt was established.
Following the successful introduction in 1821 of a gold standard in the UK based on the gold sovereign, the policy of introducing the sterling currency into all of the British colonies began with an imperial Order in Council dated 1825, [2] when the source of the Spanish dollars was drying up following revolutions in Latin America.
The British government decided to employ armed force, and invited France to cooperate. The French government declined, and a similar invitation to Italy met with a similar refusal. Britain therefore, acting alone, landed troops at Ismailia under Sir Garnet Wolseley, and suppressed the revolt by the battle of Tel-el-Kebir on September 13, 1882 ...
During period of the British Raj, famines in India, often attributed to El Nino droughts and failed government policies, were some of the worst ever recorded, including the Great Famine of 1876–78, in which 6.1 million to 10.3 million people died and the Indian famine of 1899–1900, in which 1.25 to 10 million people died. [42]
Though a smaller proportion of the English population migrated to British North America after 1700, the colonies attracted new immigrants from other European countries, [79] including Catholic settlers from Ireland [80] and Protestant Germans. [81] As the 18th century progressed, colonists began to settle far from the Atlantic coast.
The reasons why the British government sent a fleet of ships to the coast of Alexandria is a point of historical debate. In their 1961 essay Africa and the Victorians, Ronald Robinson and John Gallagher argue that the British invasion was ordered to quell the perceived anarchy of the ‘Urabi Revolt, as well as to protect British control over the Suez Canal in order to maintain its shipping ...